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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is osmosis?
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diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
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what is diffusion?
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movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentrations
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an unequal distribution of particles, called ......
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concentration gradient
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concentration gradient is a factor that controls....
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osmosis
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what is a concentration of dissolved substances outside the cell is the same as concentrations dissolved inside the cell.
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isotonic solution
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in isotonic solution cell shape is...
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not changed
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when the concentration of dissolved substances outside the cell is greater than the concentration inside the cell
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hypertonic solution
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in what solution do cells loose water and shrivel up?
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hypertonic solution
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in what solution do cells swell as water comes into through osmosis
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hypotonic solution
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when concentration of dissolved substances is lower in the solution outside the cell the concentration inside the cell.
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hypotonic solution
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passive transport is....
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the movement across the cell membrane without the use of energy.
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transport proteins that form channels to allow specific protein to pass thorugh the cell membrane
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channel protein
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transport protein that that change shape to allow substances to pass through the membrane
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carrier protein
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movement of material through the membrane against the concentration gradient and REQUIRES ENERGY.
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active transport
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endocytosis
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the process by which a cell surrounds and takes in a material from its environment. requires energy.
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exocytosis
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the expulsion of secretion from a cell. used to secrete wastes and other substances.
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what factors limit cell size?
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DNA
surface-area- to volume ratio & diffusion |
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cell division results in..
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results in two cells that are identical to the parent cell
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chromosomes are not the carriers of..
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of genetic material that is copied and passed down from generation that must be passed down accurately
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how many pair of chromosomes do humans have?
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23
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what is chromatin?
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chromatin is DNA that is not would up while the cell is diving.
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what are histones?
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is when DNA wraps around the proteins to form the "x" shaped is of chromatin in cell division.
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what are the 3 main stages of the cell cycle?
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-interphase
-mitosis -cytokinesis |
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list the 3 phases of interphase and what is it.
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interphase id the busiest part of the cell cycle.
1-cells grows faster and protein is is high 2-cell copies its chromosomes 3- organelles are manufactured and cells parts needed for division are assembled. |
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phases of mitosis?
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cells undergo mitosis when they get to big to survive
1- prophase 2-metaphase 3-anaphase 4- telophase |
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stringy chromatin coil up to visible sister chromatin and get ready to divide in which stage of mitosis?
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prophase
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double chromosomes attach to spindle fibers and are then pulled to the center of the cell in which phase of mitosis?
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metaphase
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sister chromatins are pulled apart during which phase of mitosis?
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anapahse
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is the final phase of mitosis in this
____stage new double membrane begins to form between the new nuclei |
telophase
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organ system?
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multiple organa that work together.
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multiple organs systems make ____.
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organisms
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what is the cell cycle controlled by?
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proteins and cyclins
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___ is a malignant growth resulting in incontrollable cell division
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cancer
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enzymes are controlled by ____ .
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genes
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what are genes?
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genes are segments of DNA that control the production of proteins
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enzymes are
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proteins
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advanced cancer can enter the blood system and spread through the entire body in a process called___.
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metastasis
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what is the 2nd leading cause of death in the U.S.
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cancer
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what i the 1st leading cause of death in the U.S.
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heart disease
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what are the most common types of cancer in the united states?
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lung, colon, breast and prostate.
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cancer can be caused...
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genetically or environmentally
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