Biological Psych Final Multiple Choice

Front 1

Which of the following issues would MOST likely be dealt with by a physiological psychologist?

Back 1

What are the brain structures involved in eating behavior?

Front 2

Physiological psychologists are most likely to believe in

Back 2

monism and evolution

Front 3

in the early 1600s, ________ was somewhat radical in his thinking because he believed that the body ________.

Back 3

Descartes; could influence the soul

Front 4

While Descartes was walking through royal gardens in France, he saw statues move as he stepped on stone pavers. This gave him his idea of

Back 4

the reflex

Front 5

The motor system is ______, meaning that to move my right hand, the command comes from the _______ cerebral hemisphere of the brain.

Back 5

contralateral : left

Front 6

Evolution

Back 6

likely comes about through natural selection

Front 7

The left hemisphere is unusually responsible for analyzing and producing

Back 7

language

Front 8

if a blindfolded split brain patient smelled a lemon with only her right nostril (the left nostril is plugged), all of the following would be true except

Back 8

she would be able to say "lemon".

Front 9

The phenomenon of blindsight suggests that

Back 9

consciousness is not a general property of all parts of the brain

Front 10

A patient suffering from unilateral neglect usually neglects stimuli

Back 10

contralateral to the damaged hemisphere

Front 11

in the video clip we saw in class the other week of Peggy trying to draw daisies, Peggy said that we must have two _____, and for her one side is taking over the other.

Back 11

attentions

Front 12

The ______ part of the central nervous system

Back 12

spinal cord is

Front 13

_______ was a Spanish histologist who painstakingly drew neurons from many brain areas from many different areas

Back 13

Cajal

Front 14

_________ part of the neuron primarily responsible for gathering information from other neurons.

Back 14

Dendrites are

Front 15

_________ are organelles responsible for making ATP with _________.

Back 15

Mitochondria : glucose

Front 16

The organelles in neurons responsible for creating protein molecules are the

Back 16

ribosomes

Front 17

The best name for a neuron with two stalks or processes coming out of the soma would be a(n)

Back 17

bipolar neuron

Front 18

Neurons that conduct impulses from the spinal cord to the muscles are called

Back 18

motor or efferent neurons

Front 19

A neuron entirely located within the gray matter of the spinal cord would best be called

Back 19

an interneuron

Front 20

In anterograde axoplasmic transport, molecules are moved from the _______, along the neuron's _________.

Back 20

some to the terminal buttons : microtubules

Front 21

_______ build myelin sheaths around axons in the central nervous system by wrapping _______.

Back 21

Oligodendrocytes : paddle-like extensions around axons

Front 22

_________ provide nutrients to neurons, and _______ are an important component of the brain's immune system.

Back 22

Astrocytes : microglia

Front 23

The blood-brain barrier prevents _______ from flowing freely into the brain.

Back 23

water soluble and large molecules

Front 24

The blood-brain barrier appears to be, in part, formed by

Back 24

tight junctions of the cells that comprise the brain's capillaries

Front 25

A weak area in the blood-brain barrier at the area postrema is for

Back 25

checking the blood for poisons.

Front 26

_______ axons were used by _______ to investigate the nature of the action potential.

Back 26

Squid : Hodgkin and Huxley

Front 27

The difference in voltage between the inside and the outside of a neuron that typically exists when the axon is at rest is best described as the ______, and is about _______ mv.

Back 27

resting potential : -70

Front 28

When the insides of the axon becomes more negative in voltage compared to resting potential, we say that the axon is

Back 28

hyperpolarized.

Front 29

When the neuron is at rest, which of the following forces acts to move chloride into the neuron?

Back 29

diffusion

Front 30

When the neuron is at rest, which of the following forces acts to move sodium outside of the neuron?

Back 30

the sodium-potassium transporter

Front 31

The threshold of excitation is actually the voltage necessary to

Back 31

open sodium channels.

Front 32

Which of the following movements of ions would produce a depolarization in a neuron's axon?

Back 32

sodium ions into the axon

Front 33

The action potential is a good signal for the nervous system to use to transmit information because

Back 33

the signal of the action potential does not degrade as it travels down the axon.

Front 34

In an action potential, the hyper polarization is due to

Back 34

potassium leaving the axon.

Front 35

Sodium channels become refractory when the axon's voltage reaches about _______ mv.

Back 35

+40

Front 36

When action potentials are conducted down a myelinated axon, all of the following are true, except

Back 36

the action potentials occur under the beads of myelin.

Front 37

In decremental conduction

Back 37

the electrical signal decreases in strength as it travels down the length of the axon.

Front 38

How does the brain differentiate between a weak stimulus and a strong stimulus?

Back 38

the rate that action potentials are being fired will be less for the weaker stimulus.

Front 39

Transmission of information between neurons is _________ and within a neuron is _________.

Back 39

chemical : electrical

Front 40

Within the terminal buttons, _______ contain the neurotramitters.

Back 40

vesicles

Front 41

In the presynaptic membrane, which is the correct order for synaptic transmission to occur?

Back 41

action potential arrives at the terminal button, calcium rushes in, vesicles release neurotransmitter

Front 42

In the terminal buttons, an action potential causes _______ to enter the cell, which allows the vesicles to release neurotransmitter into the synaptic gap.

Back 42

calcium

Front 43

in synaptic transmission, it is helpful to think of the ______ as the key, and the ______ as the lock, which then opens the ion channel.

Back 43

neurotransmitter : receptor

Front 44

Most neurotransmitters are removed form the synaptic gap by

Back 44

reuptake into the presynaptic membrane.

Front 45

Metabotropic receptors ______ compared to ionotropic receptors.

Back 45

take longer to open ion channels

Front 46

Neural integration refers to

Back 46

the way IPSPs and EPSPs summate to control the firing rate of action potentials of a neuron.

Front 47

Which of the following movements of ions creates an IPSP in the postsynaptic membrane of a neuron?

Back 47

potassium ions out of the postsynaptic membrane

Front 48

If you have more IPSPs than EPSPs at a postsynaptic membrane of a neuron, this neuron will likely

Back 48

hyperpolarize

Front 49

The _______ nervous systems compose the autonomic nervous system.

Back 49

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Front 50

The branch of the nervous system that controls our "vegetative" functions is the

Back 50

autonomic nervous system

Front 51

A plane through the brain parallel with the floor would be a ________ plane, and a plane going through the top of the head that can split you from ear to ear is the _______ plane.

Back 51

transverse : coronal

Front 52

The pons is ______ to the spinal cord.

Back 52

superior or rostral

Front 53

The amygdala is _______ to the hippocampus.

Back 53

anterior

Front 54

The thalami are ______ to the third ventricle.

Back 54

lateral

Front 55

The cerebellum is ______ to the occipital lobes.

Back 55

inferior

Front 56

The cortex of the _____ considered to be neocortex and the cortex of the _____ considered to be limbic cortex.

Back 56

temporal lobes are : cingulate cortex is

Front 57

The _____ is absent in the peripheral nervous system, and the _____ is the tough outer meninge.

Back 57

arachnoid : dura matter

Front 58

The subarachnoid space is a space between the ______ and contains ________.

Back 58

pia matter and arachnoid membrane : cerebrospinal fluid

Front 59

Cerebrospinal fluid does all of the following except

Back 59

creates the correct chemical environment of the intracellular fluid

Front 60

Which is the correct order of flow of cerebrospinal fluid?

Back 60

third ventricle...subarachnoid space....sinuses

Front 61

Cerebrospinal fluid is largely produced in the _______ and can be reabsorbed in the _______.

Back 61

ventricles : dural sinuses

Front 62

In the ventricular system, the ______ are directly connected.

Back 62

fourth ventricle and the cerebral aqueduct

Front 63

The lateral ventricles are located deep within the

Back 63

cerebral hemisphere

Front 64

The fourth ventricle is

Back 64

ventral to the cerebellum.

Front 65

The _______ is part of the forebrain.

Back 65

diencephalon

Front 66

The tectum and tegmentum make up the structures of the

Back 66

mesencephalon.

Front 67

All of the following are true of the hypothalamus except

Back 67

it activates the somatic nervous system.

Front 68

All of the following structures deal with the processing of emotions except the

Back 68

red nucleus

Front 69

The temporal lobe houses the

Back 69

hippocampus.

Front 70

Phineas Gage suffered damage to his ______ lobes, severing connections with the _______.

Back 70

frontal : limbic system

Front 71

The primary visual cortex is located in the ______ fissure of the ______ lobe.

Back 71

calcarine : occipital

Front 72

The primary motor cortex is located ______ to the central sulcus in the _____ lobe.

Back 72

anterior : frontal

Front 73

In a class video, Charles Landry, a lawyer, suffered from a stroke that damaged _____ of the _______ lobe.

Back 73

Broca's area : frontal

Front 74

When one thinks about the type of information being processed in the parietal lobe, one should be thinking about

Back 74

touch and vision.

Front 75

All of the following are visible on the ventral surface of the brain except the

Back 75

parietal lobes.

Front 76

If you cut into the longitudinal fissure, the first structure you would encounter with your knife would be the

Back 76

corpus callosum.

Front 77

If you pull open the lateral fissure you will find the _______ which is responsible for _______.

Back 77

insula : complex social emotions

Front 78

Damage to the inferior temporal gyrus would most likely lead to problems in

Back 78

vision.

Front 79

If you stimulate the "thumb" area of the primary motor cortex you would

Back 79

move your thumb.

Front 80

What is the best description for the location of the thalami?

Back 80

deep within the cerebral hemispheres

Front 81

of the following, the _______ is considered to be a subcortical nucleus.

Back 81

amygdala

Front 82

Some of the first motor symptoms of Parkinsons disease are due to the death of neurons in the

Back 82

substantia nigra

Front 83

Caffeine in your morning cup of coffee is stimulating the ______ for increased wakefulness.

Back 83

reticular formation

Front 84

The _______ connects the hippocampus and mammillary bodies.

Back 84

fornix

Front 85

Damage to the hippocampus would likely lead to problems in

Back 85

forming new memories.

Front 86

All of the following structures are commonly considered to be structures of the limbic system except the

Back 86

reticular formation

Front 87

The superior colliculi are nuclei of the ______ and deal with _______.

Back 87

tectum : reflexive visual behaviors

Front 88

Coughing, sneezing and vomiting are all controlled by the

Back 88

medulla

Front 89

All of the following are white matter except the

Back 89

hypothalamus.

Front 90

All of the following are visible on the medial surface of the brain except the

Back 90

amygdala.

Front 91

Sensory information enters the spinal cord on its ________ surface.

Back 91

posterior

Front 92

Cell bodies of neurons for touch are located in the

Back 92

dorsal spinal root ganglia

Front 93

There are ______ pairs of cranial nerves, with _______.

Back 93

12 : only some containing both sensory and motor information

Front 94

The sympathetic nervous system has ______ postganglionic fibers that release _____ at their target organs.

Back 94

long : norepinephrine

Front 95

Sympathetic arousal includes all of the following except

Back 95

stimulates digestive system.

Front 96

The _____ is a gland that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine to further activate the ______ nervous system.

Back 96

adrenal medulla : sympathetic

Front 97

All of the following are true of psychoactive drugs except

Back 97

they must be taken in large quantities to have an effect.

Front 98

______ is the study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system and behavior.

Back 98

Psychopharmacology

Front 99

_____ are two common ways to administer drugs to small lab animals.

Back 99

Intraperitoneal injection and intracerebral injection

Front 100

Of the following pairs, the fastest method of getting a drug to the brain is by ______, and the slowest method is by _______.

Back 100

intramuscular : oral ingestion

Front 101

Psychoactive drugs are usually either

Back 101

lipid soluble or very small molecules

Front 102

Drugs are mainly metabolized by ______ in the _______.

Back 102

enzymes : liver

Front 103

THC found in marijuana binds to fatty tissue in the body. This ______ the effects of THC.

Back 103

prolongs

Front 104

Drug excretion means

Back 104

removing the drug from the body.

Front 105

When a drug is swallowed or ingested

Back 105

enzymes in the stomach can metabolize the drug.

Front 106

All of the following are true of the LD50 except

Back 106

it is calculated during human trials with in the drug.

Front 107

The therapeutic index is all of the following except

Back 107

the amount of a drug that causes some harmful or toxic effect to the individual.

Front 108

If Bob the Builder took 2 pills instead of the prescribed does of 1 pill and consequently suffered damage to his liver, we would say that the medication

Back 108

has a very small safety margin.

Front 109

A drug's withdrawal symptoms are usually

Back 109

effects that are opposite to those of the drug.

Front 110

An increase in psychomotor disturbances with the same dose of cocaine is refereed to as

Back 110

sensitization.

Front 111

Drug effects that are not due to the drug at its site of action are referred to as

Back 111

non-specific effects.

Front 112

If a drug blocks the reuptake mechanism of a neurotransmitter, it is best classified as _______ for that neurotransmitter.

Back 112

an agonist

Front 113

If a drug blocks the metabolic enzyme of a neurotransmitter, that drug would be considered ________ for that neurotransmitter.

Back 113

an agonist

Front 114

A drug that non-competitively binds to a postsynaptic receptor and does not open ion channels is best described as ________ for that neurotransmitter.

Back 114

an indirect antagonist

Front 115

Select the incorrect statement:

Back 115

Drugs that cause the vesicles to empty neurotransmitter into the synaptic gap are antagonists.

Front 116

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is directly implicated in all of the following except

Back 116

drug addiction

Front 117

Acetylcholine is released by all of the following neurons of the peripheral nervous system except

Back 117

sympathetic postganglionic neurons

Front 118

______ was the first neurotransmitter discovered because it is widely found throughout the peripheral nervous system.

Back 118

Acetylcholine

Front 119

Which of the following drugs acts as a direct agonist for acetylcholine?

Back 119

muscarine

Front 120

Acetylcholine

Back 120

controls the contraction of voluntary muscles.

Front 121

Acetylcholine controls the formation of some memories through its pathway from the

Back 121

septum to the hippocampus.

Front 122

Botulinum toxin

Back 122

prevents the release of acetylcholine from vesicles.

Front 123

The following drugs cause paralysis:

Back 123

botulinum toxin, black widow spider venom, and curare

Front 124

Which of the following neurotransmitters is a monoamine?

Back 124

serotonin

Front 125

Cell bodies of neurons that release dopamine are concentrated in the

Back 125

midbrain

Front 126

The mesolimbic dopamine system is highly implicated in

Back 126

reinforcement and reward.

Front 127

Of the following pairs of drugs that affect the dopamine neurotransmitter system, _______ is an antagonist, and _______ is an agonist.

Back 127

chlorpromazine : amphetamine

Front 128

Amphetamine

Back 128

reverses the transport molecules for norepinephrine.

Front 129

Cocaine's mechanism of action for norepinephrine is the same as its mechanism of action for

Back 129

dopamine and serotonin

Front 130

Dopamine is commonly implicated in

Back 130

schizophrenia and drug addiction

Front 131

An excess of dopamine is associated with all of the following except

Back 131

inability to initiate movement.

Front 132

________ is neurotransmitter implicated in the regulate of pain and sleep.

Back 132

Serotonin

Front 133

Most neurons that secrete serotonin have their cell bodies in the

Back 133

brain stem.

Front 134

Which of the following is true of Prozac?

Back 134

it is an agonist for serotonin

Front 135

____ is an hallucinogenic drug that appears to exert its effects through the serotonin system.

Back 135

LSD

Front 136

Glutamate and GABA are

Back 136

amino acids.

Front 137

________ is a principle excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and _____ is the principle inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.

Back 137

Glutamate : GABA

Front 138

A major action of PCP is that it acts on the ____ receptor complex as an ______.

Back 138

glutamate : indirect antagonist

Front 139

GABA agonists are commonly prescribed to treat

Back 139

epilepsy

Front 140

GABA _____ in the postsynaptic membrane.

Back 140

causes IPSPs

Front 141

Barbiturates' effects are similar to those of alcohol in that barbiturates affect

Back 141

both GABA and the glutamate neurotransmitter systems.

Front 142

Picrotoxin acts as _____ to the GABA neurotransmitter system.

Back 142

an indirect antagonist

Front 143

The goal of lesion studies is to

Back 143

discover what functions are performed by different regions of the brain.

Front 144

______ are lesion methods more likely to produce collateral damage when targeting a specific brain structure.

Back 144

Aspiration and electrical current