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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Polymers |
Large complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers joined together through a condensation reaction. |
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Monomers |
Small, basic molecular units that can form a polymer. |
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Ex. of Polymers |
Protein, Cellulose, Lipids |
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Ex. of Monomers |
Amino Acids, Monosaccharides, Nucleotides |
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Condensation Reaction |
A chemical bond between monomers, releasing a molecule of water. |
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Hydrolysis |
Break the chemical bond between monomers using a water molecule. |
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How are biological molecules evidence for evolution? |
They suggest that all organisms on earth descended from on or a few common ancestors as they all contain the same groups carbon based compounds. |
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What are Carbohydrates made from? |
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen |
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Monomer for Carbohydrates? |
Monosaccharides, e.g. glucose fructose and galactose. |
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What is a hexose sugar? |
A monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms in each molecule. |
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Glucose Isomers? |
Alpha and Beta Glucose |
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Define Isomer |
Molecules with the same molecular formula as each other but with their atoms connected in different ways. |
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Disaccharide |
2 Monosaccharides joined together by a condensation. |
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What bond is formed between 2 Monosaccharides? |
Glycosidic Bond |
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How is Sucrose made? |
Glucose + Fructose |
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How is Maltose made? |
Alpha glucose + Alpha glucose |
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How is Lactose made? |
Glucose + Galactose |
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Test for Reducing Sugars? |
Benedicts Test. Heat sample with Benedicts reagent - if positive, will form green yellow, orange or brick red precipitate. |
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Test for Non-Reducing Sugars? |
Heat new sample with HCL then neutralise sample with Sodium Hydrogencarbonate; then heat sample with Benedicts reagent. If positive, will form green, yellow, orange or brick red precipitate. |
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Polysaccharide |
More than 2 monosaccharides are joined together by condensation reactions. |
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Amylose |
Unbranched polysaccharide chain of alpha glucose.Has a coiled structure - making it compact so good for storage as it can fir into small space. |
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Amylopectin |
Long, branched chain of alpha glucose |
