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5 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Initiation - genetic vulnerability - AO1 |
-Family and twin studies show genetic predispositions of smoking -Concordance rates in Mz twins higher (46-87%) than Dz twins when one twin smokes -E.g. Those with A1 variant of DRD2 gene appear to have fewer dopamine receptors in pleasure seeking pathway of brain -more likely to become dependent on dopamine increasing substances so compensate for deficiency (e.g. nicotine) |
Concordance Variant of gene Less dopamine receptors |
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Initiation - AO2 - vink et al (2005) |
56% environmental influences and 44% genetic - does recognise influence of genes but environment is more influential. |
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Initiation - AO2 - Lerman et al 1999 |
Individuals without SLCA3-9 gene more likely to take up smoking and be addicted -Gene appears to have preventative affect on those with it -Those with gene have altered dopamine transmission -Reduces need for novelty and external reward (e.g. cigarettes) |
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Initiation - AO2 - comings et al (1996) |
49% of smokers and ex-smokers carried A1 variant of DRD2 gene compared to 26% of general population in -Genetic factors can cause individuals to be more vulnerable |
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Initiation - AO2 - explains why some don't get addictions |
Show why people of same environment don't have same addictions, because of their specific gene (e.g. SLCA3-9 or A1 variant of DRD2) |
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