Biol1030 - Animal Diversity

Front 1

lophophore

Back 1

feeding structure

Hint 1

character of lophotrochozoa

Front 2

choanoflagellates

Back 2

free-living unicellular eukaryotes with flagellum

Hint 2

in supergroup unikonta

Front 3

excavata

Back 3

supergroup of protists

Front 4

chromalveolata

Back 4

supergroup of protists

Hint 4

e.g. paramecium

Front 5

rhizaria

Back 5

supergroup of protists

Hint 5

e.g. amoeba

Front 6

archaeplastida

Back 6

supergroup of protists

Hint 6

e.g. algae

Front 7

unikonta

Back 7

supergroup of protists

Hint 7

e.g. amoeba

Front 8

collar cells

Back 8

around the flagellum

Hint 8

maintain a flow of water through the body

Front 9

hox gene

Back 9

control the body plan of an embryo along the anterior-posterior axis

Front 10

porifera

Back 10

basal animals, lack true tissues, two cell layers

Hint 10

e.g. sponges

Front 11

cnidaria

Back 11

diploblastic, radial symmetry, polyp or medusa body shape

Hint 11

e.g. jellies, anemones, corals

Front 12

echinodermata

Back 12

spiny skin, can regenerate

Front 13

chordata

Back 13

have a notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, muscular post-anal tail, pharyngeal gill arches/slits

Hint 13

what are the four defining characteristics?

Front 14

nematoda

Back 14

pseudocoelom, body covered with a cuticle, ubiquitous, free-living or parasitic

Hint 14

the roundworms

Front 15

arthropoda

Back 15

segmented body, exoskeleton with jointed appendages

Front 16

platyhelminthes

Back 16

rudimentary cephalization with eye-spots, an incomplete gut, and a solid body plan (acoelomate)

Hint 16

the flatworms

Front 17

brachiopoda

Back 17

lophophores, protostomes, radial cleavage

Hint 17

the lamp shells, not clams!

Front 18

annelida

Back 18

the segmented worms, trochophore larval stage

Front 19

mollusca

Back 19

trochophore larval stage, muscular foot, mantle, radula, visceral mass

Hint 19

e.g. snail, clams, cuttlefish

Front 20

cephalization

Back 20

formation of a head with bilateral symmetry

Hint 20

clustering of neurons

Front 21

cleavage

Back 21

multicellularity

Hint 21

event in early embryo development

Front 22

blastula

Back 22

hollow singular layer of cells

Hint 22

type of embryo

Front 23

gastrulation

Back 23

primitive gut formation

Hint 23

blastopore forms

Front 24

radiata

Back 24

radial symmetry

Hint 24

clade

Front 25

bilateria

Back 25

bilateral symmetry

Hint 25

clade

Front 26

diploblastic

Back 26

two germ layers

Hint 26

endoderm and ectoderm

Front 27

triploblastic

Back 27

three germ layers

Hint 27

endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

Front 28

cnidyocyte

Back 28

venomous stinging cell with thread containing capsules called nematocysts

Hint 28

cell found in cnidarians

Front 29

anthozoa

Back 29

class of phylum cnidaria

Hint 29

e.g. coral, anemones

Front 30

scyphozoa

Back 30

class of phylum cnidaria

Hint 30

e.g. jellies

Front 31

hydrozoa

Back 31

class of phylum cnidaria

Hint 31

e.g. hydra

Front 32

protostomia

Back 32

blastopore becomes the mouth, spiral cleavage

Hint 32

clade

Front 33

deuterostome

Back 33

blastopore becomes the anus, radial cleavage

Hint 33

clade

Front 34

coelom

Back 34

body cavity

Hint 34

most triploblastic animals have things

Front 35

(eu)coelomates

Back 35

mesoderm on all sides

Hint 35

e.g. earthworm

Front 36

psudeocoelomates

Back 36

partially lined with mesoderm

Hint 36

e.g. roundworm

Front 37

acoelomates

Back 37

no coelom

Hint 37

e.g. flatworms

Front 38

ampullae

Back 38

connect to tube feet

Hint 38

in starfish

Front 39

asteroidea

Back 39

class of phylum echinodermata

Hint 39

e.g. starfish

Front 40

echinoidea

Back 40

class of phylum echinodermata

Hint 40

e.g. sea urchin

Front 41

holothuroidea

Back 41

class of phylum echinodermata

Hint 41

e.g. sea cucumber

Front 42

chordates

Back 42

have a notochord

Hint 42

what is the defining characteristic?

Front 43

vertebrates

Back 43

have a head and vertebral column

Hint 43

what is the defining characteristic?

Front 44

gnathostomes

Back 44

have jaws and a mineralized skeleton

Hint 44

e.g. cartilaginous fish, sharks

Front 45

tetrapod

Back 45

have four limbs with digits

Hint 45

e.g. amphibians

Front 46

osteichthyes

Back 46

have lungs or lung derivatives

Hint 46

what is the defining characteristic?

Front 47

amniotes

Back 47

have amniotic egg

Hint 47

e.g. reptiles and mammals

Front 48

cephalochordata

Back 48

chordate characters in both larvae and adults

Hint 48

e.g. lancelets

Front 49

urochordata

Back 49

larvae have chordate characters, adults do not

Hint 49

e.g. tunicates

Front 50

burgess shale and chenjiang deposits

Back 50

fossil deposits in which basal chordates were found

Hint 50

located in British Columbia and in China

Front 51

mammals

Back 51

milk and hair

Hint 51

what are the defining characteristics?

Front 52

monotremes

Back 52

mammals that lay eggs

Hint 52

e.g. platypus

Front 53

marsupials

Back 53

mammals with short gestation periods - development continues outside the womb

Hint 53

e.g. kangaroos

Front 54

eutherials

Back 54

long gestation periods

Hint 54

e.g. humans

Front 55

lophotrochozoa

Back 55

protostome with continuous growth, ciliated structures

Hint 55

clade within protostomia

Front 56

trochophore

Back 56

common larval form with several bands of cilia

Hint 56

larvae

Front 57

turbellaria

Back 57

class of phylum platyhelminthes

Hint 57

traditional flatworm

Front 58

trematoda

Back 58

class of phylum platyhelminthes

Hint 58

e.g. parasitic flukes

Front 59

cestoda

Back 59

class of phylum platyhelminthes

Hint 59

e.g. parasitic tapeworms

Front 60

inarticulata

Back 60

class of phylum brachiopoda

Hint 60

has a complete gut

Front 61

articulata

Back 61

class of phylum brachiopoda

Hint 61

has a hinge and an incomplete gut

Front 62

gastropoda

Back 62

class of phylum mollusca

Hint 62

e.g. snails, slugs

Front 63

bivalvia

Back 63

class of phylum mollusca

Hint 63

e.g. scallops, clams, oysters, mussels

Front 64

cephalopoda

Back 64

class of phylum mollusca

Hint 64

e.g. cuttlefish, octopi, squid

Front 65

chromatophore

Back 65

pigment-containing cell, pigments in granules

Hint 65

found in cephalopoda

Front 66

polychaeta

Back 66

class of phylum annelida

Hint 66

have many hairs/bristles on fleshy lobes

Front 67

oligochaeta

Back 67

class of phylum annelida

Hint 67

no fleshly appendages, terrestial
e.g. earthworms

Front 68

hirudinea

Back 68

class of phylum annelida

Hint 68

e.g. leeches

Front 69

ecdysis

Back 69

moulting

Hint 69

step-wise growth

Front 70

ecdysozoa

Back 70

protostome with tough cuticle, stepwise growth, periodic moulting

Hint 70

very abundant, clade within protostomia

Front 71

cheliceriformes

Back 71

subphylum of arthropoda, all have chelicerae

Hint 71

e.g. spiders, mites, scorpions, ticks

Front 72

eurypterids

Back 72

class of cheliceriformes

Hint 72

marine species, mostly extinct

e.g. horseshoe crab, sea spider

Front 73

chelicerae

Back 73

venom-delivery fangs

Hint 73

found in cheliceriformes such as spiders and scorpions

Front 74

arachnids

Back 74

class of cheliceriformes

Hint 74

uniramous appendages (1 branch), two tagmata: cephalothorax and abdomen

e.g. scorpions, ticks, mites, and spiders

Front 75

myriapoda

Back 75

subphylum of arthropoda

Hint 75

e.g. centipedes (carnivorous), millipedes (herbivorous)

Front 76

hexapoda

Back 76

subphylum of arthropoda

Hint 76

insects, six legs, light-weight chitinous exoskeleton, metamorphosis, three tagmata: head, thorax, abdomen

Front 77

crustacea

Back 77

subphylum of arthropoda

Hint 77

biramous appendages (2 branches: gill branch, walking tip), two tagmata: cephalothorax, abdomen