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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Matter
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Anything that occupies space and has mass
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Mass
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Amount of matter in an object
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Weight
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Gravitational force acting on an object of given mass.
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Kilogram
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International unit for mass
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Element
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Simplest type of matter with unique chemical properties.
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Atom
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Smallest particle of an element that has the chemical characteristics of that element.
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Neutron
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Subatomic particle with NO electrical charge.
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Electron
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Subatomic particle with a NEGATIVE charge; moves around necleus
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Electron Cloud
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Region where electrons are most likely to be found.
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Ions
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Atoms that have lost or gained electrons
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Ionic Bonding
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occurs mwhen oppositely charged ions are ATTRACTED to each other.
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Covalent Bonding
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when two atoms SHARE one or more pairs of electrons.
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Double Covalent Bond
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When two pairs of electrons are shared
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Polar Covalent Bond
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When unequal sharing of electrons occurs.
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Hydrogen Bonds
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When molecules with polar covalent bonds are weakly attracted to ions or other polar covalent molecules.
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Molecule
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Forms when 2+ atoms chemically combine to form a structure that behaves as an independent unit.
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Compound
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Is a substance composed of two or more DIFFERENT types of atoms that are chemically combined
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Dissociate
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When ionic compounds dissolve in water, their ions separate from each other.
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Reactant
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Atoms or molecules BEFORE the chemical reation.
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Products
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Result FROM the chemical reaction.
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Synthesis Reaction
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When 2 or more atoms, ions, or molecules combine to form a larger, more complex product.
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Decomposition Reaction
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Reactants are broken down into smaller, less complex products.
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Decompose, breaking down
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Exchange Reaction
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COMBINATION of a decomposition and a Synthesis reaction.
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Reversible Reaction
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A reaction that can proceed from reactants to products and products to reactants.
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REVERSE
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Equilibrium
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When the rate of product formation and reaction formation are EQUAL
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Potential Energy
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Energy exists in chemical bonds
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Released
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Products of a chemical reaction contain less energy than the reactants
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Heat
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Most of the energy released from a chemical reaction
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ATP
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An energy source; Almost all of the chemical reactions of the cell that require energy is used
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Catalyst
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is a substance that increases the rate at which a chemical reaction proceeds without itself being permanently changed or depleted.
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Enzyme
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Protein molecules in the body that act as catalysts.
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Acids
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Substances that are proton H+ donors.
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Bases
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Substance that accept protons.
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Salts
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Molecules consisting of a positive ion other than hydrogen and a negative ion other than hydroxide
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Buffers
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Chemicals that resists changes in pH when acids or bases are added to a solution.
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Neutral Solution
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pH of 7
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Acidic Soultion
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pH less than 7
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Alkaline Solution
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Greater concentration of hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions.
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Oxygen
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Comprises about 21% of the gas in the atmosphere; required for the final step of extracting energy from food molecules.
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Carbon Dioxide
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Produced when organic molecules such as glucose are metabolized in the cells of the body; toxic if it is allowed to accumulate within cells.
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Heat
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Water can absorb large amounts of (1) and remain at a stable temerpature.
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Lubricant
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Water also acts as an effective (2) ex. tears protects the surface of the eye
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Digestion
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Water is necessary in many chemical reactions, such as the (3) of food.
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Transport
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Water is necessary for (4) of nutrients, gases, and waste products in the body.
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Dissociate
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When ionic substances dissolve in water, the positive and negative ions separate. Allows the ions to stay in solution.
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Organic
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Include Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
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Inorganic
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All molecules that do NOT contain CARBON (except carbon dioxide and monoxide)
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Lipids
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Fats, phospholipids, and steroids
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Glycerol and Fatty acids
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Building blocks of fats
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Triacylglycerol
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Most common type of fat molecule, with three fatty acids bound to a glycerol molecule.
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Saturated
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Fatty acid that contains only single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms
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Unsaturated
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Believed to be the best type of fat in the diet.
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Amino Acids
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(20 types) Building blocks of protein
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Essential
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Humans can synthesize 12 of these from simple organic molecules, but the remaining 8.
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Shape
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The ability of proteins to perform their functions depends on their (_)
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Denaturation
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Occurs when hydrogen bonds that maintain a protein's shape are broken, then becomes nonfunctional
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Enzymes
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proteins that regulate the rate of chemical reactions.
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Structural Proteins
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Provide the framework for many of the body's tissues
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Activation Energy
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Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the (8) necessary to start a chemical reaction
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Lock and Key Model
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the shape of enzymes and reactantsallows them to ind together easily.
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Nucleotide
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Building block for nucleic acids; contains a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate group
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DNA
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DEOXYRIBOSE; Nucleotides forms a double helix. Genetic material of the cell; controls cell activities
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Chromatin
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DNA molecules associated with protein
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Chromosome
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Formed when chromatin condenses during cell division.
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RNA
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Single strand of necleotides that contains the sugar ribose.
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Heat
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Water can absorb large amounts of (1) and remain at a stable temerpature.
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Lubricant
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Water also acts as an effective (2) ex. tears protects the surface of the eye
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Digestion
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Water is necessary in many chemical reactions, such as the (3) of food.
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Transport
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Water is necessary for (4) of nutrients, gases, and waste products in the body.
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Dissociate
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When ionic substances dissolve in water, the positive and negative ions separate. Allows the ions to stay in solution.
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Organic
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Include Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
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Inorganic
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All molecules that do NOT contain CARBON (except carbon dioxide and monoxide)
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Lipids
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Fats, phospholipids, and steroids
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Glycerol and Fatty acids
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Building blocks of fats
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Triacylglycerol
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Most common type of fat molecule, with three fatty acids bound to a glycerol molecule.
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Saturated
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Fatty acid that contains only single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms
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Unsaturated
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Believed to be the best type of fat in the diet.
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Amino Acids
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(20 types) Building blocks of protein
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Essential
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Humans can synthesize 12 of these from simple organic molecules, but the remaining 8.
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Shape
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The ability of proteins to perform their functions depends on their (_)
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