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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Steps of Water Purification? |
- screening - flocculation: aluminum sulfate, anionic polymers interact with suspended collads to form larger flocs, flocs settle by gravity, adsorb organic matter - filtration: removes remaining particles, removes giardia, slow sand filters and rapic ionic ones |
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Types of Potential Pathogens in Drinking Water? |
- bacteria: salmonella, shigella, campylobacter (Walkerton) 0157:H7 - viruses: heptitis, norovirus - protists: giardia, cryptosporidium |
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What are indicator organisms? |
- organisms that monitor for pathogens - present in large numbers - member of intestinal microbiota of animals - should not be pathogens themselves - should not multiply in environment - easily detectable |
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Give some examples of indicator organisms |
coliforms: facultatively anaerobes, gram negatice, non-spore forming, rod shapes - fecal coliforms: those that can ferment lactose at 44.5oC |
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What is substrate technology? |
detection based on the possession/expression of certain genes rather than growth (e.g. coliforms possess gene for B-galactosidase, wil convert MUG which has enzyme that breaks down and produces colour (indicator) same with e. coli and B-glucuronidase |
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What is the name of the pathogen that affected Walkerton, ON? |
E. coli O157:H7: toxin producing, does not hydrolyze MUG does not grow at 45oC |
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Describe Cholera (from vibrio cholerae) |
- gram negative, rod shape - disease: ingested bacteria attach to epithelial cells of small intestine, begin to grow and release enterotoxin, watery diarrhea, fluid loss! - treatment: oral rehydration therapy (ORT) |
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Who is Jon Snow? |
discovered by tracing down a well in London that was causing illness |
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What causes Typhoid fever? |
salmonella typhi - gram negative rod, member of the Enterobacteriaceae |
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What are some symptoms of Typhoid fever? |
- you can also just be a carrier! - bacteria in blood - high fever - constipation, then diarrhea - mortality may approach 15% if untreated, reduced to 1% with antibiotics |
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Cryptosporidiosis? |
- common waterborn diseases - cysts or oocysts found in most surface waters! |
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Giardiasis? |
- flagellated protozoa - infects beavers - ingested cysts germinate in intestine - trophozoites grow on intestinal wall |
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Cryptosporidium parvum? |
- apicomplexans Alveolata - resistant oocysts transmitted to new host via feces contaminated water - ingested oocysts germinate |
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Legionellosis |
Legionella pnuemonphilia - Pontiac Fever!! - Legionellosis; a type of pneumonia most likely to affect elderly |
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L. pneumonophilia |
discovered in late 1970s - present in small numbers in natural waters and soil - like hot tubs, air conditioning systems - humidified aerosol transmission, showering, humidifiers, etc |
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Water borne viral diseases... |
- may cause gastroenterititis, - may cause eye or throat infections - hepatitis, A, E, viruses - polio!! |
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Amebiasis |
- Entamoeba histolytica is transmitted primarily by water (cysts) - amebic dysentery!! invasive version, inflammed intestines, ulceration, fever, blood in feces |
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Naegleria fowleri |
- free living amoeba - enters through nose, burrow into brain and multiplies! - meningoencephalitis, extensive hemorrhage, brain damage, death quickly! unless treated with amphotericin B) |
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How do you get naegleria fowleri? |
- immersing your head in contaminated water, especially if it goes up your nose |
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Stuff |
idk why I added this last cue card |
