Biol 240 Exam 1

Front 1

Essential Elements

Back 1

found in every living things

Front 2

CHONPS

Back 2

Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Phosphorus

Sulfur

Front 3

Trace elements

Back 3

smaller but still vital for life

Front 4

Atom

Back 4

smallest unit with the properties of an element

Front 5

Atomic number

Back 5

protons

Front 6

Mass number

Back 6

protons + neutrons

Front 7

What happens if you change the atomic number of an element?

Back 7

It changes to a new element

Front 8

What happens if you change the number of neutrons in an element?

Back 8

It becomes a different isotope

Front 9

Isotope

Back 9

Same element with different number of neutrons

(same atomic number but different mass number)

Front 10

Carbon dating

Back 10

How old something is

Front 11

Protons determine _____

Neutron determine _____

Electrons determine _____

Back 11

Protons determine element

Neutron determine isotope

Electrons determine chemical behavior

Front 12

How many electrons can be in the first shell?

Back 12

2

Front 13

How many electrons an be in the second and third shell?

Back 13

8

Front 14

What determines if an element will want to react with other elements?

Back 14

If the valence shell is full of electrons, it will NOT want to react to other elements.

Front 15

Chemical bonds

Back 15

When atoms combine to form molecules and ionic compounds

Front 16

Covalent bond

Back 16

Two atoms sharing a pair of valence electrons

Front 17

Molecule

Back 17

Two or more of the same element

Front 18

Compound

Back 18

Two or more of different elements

Front 19

Electronegativity

Back 19

Attraction of a particular atom for the electrons of a covalent bond

Front 20

Non-polar covalent bond

Back 20

equal pulling

Front 21

Polar covalent bond

Back 21

unequal pulling

Front 22

Ionic bond

Back 22

bond is formed from opposite charges

(sometimes electrons are given to other elements to bond)

Front 23

Where does what get most of its properties?

Back 23

Hydrogen bonds

Front 24

Adhesion in water

Back 24

adhesion allows water to stick to things like cell walls

Front 25

Cohesion in water

Back 25

Cohesion allows water to stick together through Hydrogen Bonds

Front 26

Moderation of temperature in water

Back 26

Water has a high specific heat due to hydrogen bonds

Front 27

Expansion upon freezing in water

Back 27

Hydrogen bonds in ice are more ordered which causes it to be less dense and float

Front 28

Water is a versatile solvent due to _____

Back 28

Hydrogen bonds

Front 29

Non-ionic polar molecules

Back 29

Sugars

Front 30

Large polar molecules with ionic/polar regions

Back 30

Proteins and Salts

Front 31

Hydrophilic

Back 31

Solute to water

Front 32

Hydrophobic

Back 32

Soes not mix with water

Front 33

How to find pH

Back 33

pH+pOH=14

Front 34

Buffers

Back 34

Prevent drastic changes in the body of pH

Front 35

Inorganic

Back 35

Not made by life supporting elements

Front 36

Organic

Back 36

Made from life supporting elements

Front 37

Hydrocarbons

Back 37

organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen

(can undergo reactions that release a large amount of energy)

Front 38

Macromolecules

Back 38

Critically important molecules of all living things

Front 39

Polymer

Back 39

Chain of multiple units or monomers

Front 40

Dehydration reaction

Back 40

Take away water and makes polymer

Front 41

Hydrolysis

Back 41

Add water and break apart polymer

Front 42

4 Macromolecules

Back 42

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Nucleic acids

Lipids

Front 43

What is the most commonmonosaccharides?

Back 43

Glucose

Front 44

Four levels of protein structure

Back 44

Primary (beads)

Secondary (helix of pleated sheet)

Tertiary (3D folding pattern)

Quaternary (more than one amino acid)

Front 45

Collagen

Back 45

holds cell together

Front 46

Hemoglobin

Back 46

Carries oxygen on red blood cells

Front 47

Two types of nucleic acids

Back 47

DNA and RNA

Front 48

Prokaryotes

Back 48

Cells of domains, bacteria, and archaea

Front 49

Eukaryotes

Back 49

Cells of protists, fungi, animals and plants

Front 50

Cell size constraint

Back 50

Cells can not be large do to them needing more volume than mass

Front 51

Ribosomes

Back 51

Little dots on ER that cause protein synthesis

Front 52

What does the ER do?

Back 52

produces a huge number of molecules

(lipids, proteins, proteins with carbs)

Front 53

Where do proteins go after Rough ER

Back 53

Golgi

Front 54

Lysosomes

Back 54

Sac of hydrolitic enzymes

Front 55

Vacuole

Back 55

Keeps a lot of water in plants

Front 56

Endomembrane system

Back 56

How membranes are made and move

(nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles, plasma membrane)

Front 57

Chloroplasts

Back 57

light energy to food energy

Front 58

Mitochondria

Back 58

food energy to chemical energy

Front 59

Cell wall

Back 59

protection and support