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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Energy |
Capacity to do work. |
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Types of Work |
Chemical: make and breaking of chemical bonds - covalent, ionic, H-Bonds Transport: movement of ions, molecules and particles create concentration gradient. - vesicles, carriers, channels Mechanical: used for movement - gated channels |
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Activation Energy |
Minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to occur. |
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Exergonic Reactions |
Reactions that release energy as a product |
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Endergonic Reactions |
Reactions that require the input of energy |
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Enzymes |
Catalysts that reduce the amount of activation energy for a reaction to occur. Not consumed in the reaction |
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Isozymes |
Catalyze the same reaction, but under different conditions |
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Conditions Affecting Enzymes |
Temperature pH Salinity |
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Enzyme Reactions |
Oxidation-Reduction Hydrolysis-Dehydration Synthesis Transfer of Chemical Groups (exchange, addition, subtraction reactions) Ligation: join to substrates using ATP |
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Metabolism |
Cell regulation 1. enzyme concentrations 2. allosteric and covalent modulators 3. different enzymes for reversible reactions 4. isolating enzymes w/in organelles 5. maintain optimum ration of ATP to ADP |
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Catabolism v. Anabolism |
Destruction of tissue v. Synthesis of tissue |
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Synthetic Pathways |
Gluconeogenesis: formation of new glucose Lipid Synthesis Protein Synthesis |
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Protein Synthesis |
1) DNA replication 2) Transcription 3) Translation |
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Post Translational Modification |
Protein folding: 3d shape Cross Linking Cleavage Addition of other molecules Assembly into polymeric proteins |
