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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a positive result for starch hydrolysis
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clear zone- amylase production
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negative result for starch hydrolysis
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no clear zone- no amylase
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What is a positive result for lipid hydrolysis
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clear zone- lipase present
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What is a positive result for casein hydrolysis
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clear zone- makes caseinase
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How long do you incubate for gelatin hydrolysis
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48 h at 37C
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What is a positive result for gelatin hydrolysis
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liquid after 48 hr= has gelatinase
liquid after 5 days= slow gelatinase production |
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What does is mean if broth is red for sugar fermentation?
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sugar is not fermented
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What does it mean if broth turns yellow for sugar fermentation
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sugar broken down and made acid
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What does it mean if you have yellow broth and a gas bubble for sugar fermentation test
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sugar broken down into acid and gas
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What 3 sugars are in TSI slant
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glucose, lactose, sucrose
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What is the pH indicator in TSI slant
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phenol red
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What does red in phenol red mean?
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alkaline
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What does yellow in phenol red mean
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acid
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What are teh carbs in TSI slant
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0.1% glu
1% lac 1% suc |
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What occurs if the carb in TSI is fermented or oxidized
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makes acid (yellow) or acid and gas (yellow and broken agar)
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What are proteins broken down into
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basic products
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What color are basic products in TSI slant
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red
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HOw is FeSO4 made in TSI
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H2S+FeSO4--> FeS (black ppt)
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Can H2S split agar or produce a gas bubble in liquid?
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no it is soluble
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What does it mean if the TSI slant has a red slant
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negative: cannot ferment sugars: basic products
OR mos used up all glu within a day and then the mos uses protein (acid turns basic when protein degraded) |
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What if TSI goes from a yellow slant to red slant
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mos used up all glu within day and then it started using protein
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What does a yellow TSI slant mean
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uses glu as well as lactose/sucrose/both and makes acid
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Protein degradation
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proteolysis
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What does it mean if TSI deep is red
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all sugars negative for fermentation
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What does it mean if TSI deep is yellow
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glucose positive, others negative (glu not used up within 2 days)
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What does it mean if TSI deep is yellow
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glucose positive and lactose/sucrose/or both positive
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R/R TSI
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all negative: no sugar fermentation
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R/Y (or yellow tip)TSI
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Glu +
Lac and Suc - |
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Y/Y TSI
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Glu+
Lac/Suc/or both + |
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Agar split TSI
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gas production
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Black ppt TSI
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H2S production
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What are the 4 tests of IMViC?
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indole, methyl red, voges proskauer, citrate
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What is useful to differentiate species in Enterobacteriaceae family?
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IMViC
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What is used for indole test
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tryptone broth at 37C for 48h
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What reagant is added in indole test
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Kovac's reagant
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What does the indole test look for
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tryptophanase
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What does tryptophonase break tryptphane into?
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indole and pyr and ammonia
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What is a methyl red testing?
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for glucose: if +, broken down into acid giving a pH of below 4.2 and turning methyl red into a red color
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What is a positive methyl red
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red color: acidic: pH below 4.2
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What is a negative methyl red
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yellow: pH above 4.2
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What is VP testing for
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acetylmethylcarbinol
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What is the reaction for VP test
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Glu--> acid -->2,3 butanediol <--> acetylmethylcarbinol
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What does acetyl methanol and alpha naphthol do when combined with 40% KOH?
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make diacetyl and a red compound
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What is used to test citrate utilization
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simmon citrate agar slant: stab and streak
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What does citratase do
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break down citrate
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What is the pH indicator for urease test
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phenol red
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What is a positive urease result?
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alkaline (red)
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What is the pH indicator in litmus milk
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litmus
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What is acid in litmus
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pink
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neutral in litmus
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lavender
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basic in litmus
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blue
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What is reduced litmus
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no color
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Oxidized litmus
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depends on pH color
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What is milk used for
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to detect if milk/carb was fermented into acid
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What will litmus milk be if fermented the milk
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pink with or without coagulation
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What will gas do to litmus milk curd
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break it
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What occurs in litmus milk if casein is degraded
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turns alkaline lavender or if completely degraded turns clear (peptonization)
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WHat does casein and renin make
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calcium paracasein (rennet curd)
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What does it mean if nitrate reduction test turns red
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it has nitrate reductase to reduce nitrate and make NO2
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HOw do you detect if nitrate reduction test made NO2?
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add sulfanilic acid and alpha naphthylamine and they make a red compound
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What do you do if there is no color change in nitrate test
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add zinc
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What do you do if nitrate test turns red after zince
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NO3 is not reduced by the mos
NO3+Zn--> NO2 |
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What do you do if there is no color change after zinc
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NO3-->NO2-->NH3 or NO3-->N2
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What does superoxide dismutase do to free radicals
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2 O2 + 2H --> H2O2 + O2
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What does peroxidase do
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H2O2 + 2H --> 2H2O
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What does catalase do
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2H2O2 --> 2 H2O + O2
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Can anaerboes make superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, or catalase
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no
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What can aerotolerants do
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maybe produce one but not other
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What can streptococcus do
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produce superoxide dismutase but not catalase
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What is a catalase test
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immerse the mos in 3% H2O2 --> yields bubbles if positive
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What is used by some microbes to oxidize some reduced cytochrome by O2 (taking electrons from reduced cytochrome and passing to O2)
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cytochrome oxidase
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What will reduced cytochrome become with oxidase?
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oxidized cytochrome
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What is a positive oxidase result
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purple color (oxidized)
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What mos is oxidase positive?
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pseudomonas, neisseria
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What mos is oxidase negative
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enterobacteriacae
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RAPID ID/ CRYSTAL ID HANDOUT, DETERMINE
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ENTEROTUBE AND API MULTITEST SYSTEM PICTURE 76 AND 77 LAB
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What is major sugar in litmus milk
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lactose
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what is major protein in litmus milk
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casein
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Ingredients of litmus milk
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litmus and milk
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function of litmus
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pH indicator and redox indicator
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