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156 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the study of fungi?
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mycology
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What is filamentous and multicellular fungi?
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molds/fleshy fungi
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What is unicellular fungi?
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yeast
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What is the most likely shape of yeast?
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sphere/oval
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What is fruiting bodies formed by aggregated mold filaments?
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fleshy fungi
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What are some main characteristics of kingdom fungi?
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eukaryotic, nonphotosynthetic, chemoheterotroph, cell wall, aerobic or facultative anaerobe, grow well in acidic env't, tolerate high osmotic pressure, low moisture
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What can use dead organisms?
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saprophytes
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What need a living host to survive?
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parasites
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What grow well in acidic environment?
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kingdom fungi: pH 5
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What tolerate high osmotic pressure/low moisture?
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kingdom fungi
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KNOW TABLE 12.2
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page 2 in notes
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What is a thallus of mold?
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hypha(e)
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How do molds grow?
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by elongation at the tip
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What part of mold grows?
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each fragment of hypha
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What are the 2 types of mold?
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have cross wall/septum (septa) to separate cells
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What is the study of fungi?
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mycology
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What is filamentous and multicellular fungi?
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molds/fleshy fungi
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What is unicellular fungi?
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yeast
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What is the most likely shape of yeast?
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sphere/oval
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What is fruiting bodies formed by aggregated mold filaments?
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fleshy fungi
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What are some main characteristics of kingdom fungi?
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eukaryotic, nonphotosynthetic, chemoheterotroph, cell wall, aerobic or facultative anaerobe, grow well in acidic env't, tolerate high osmotic pressure, low moisture
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What can use dead organisms?
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saprophytes
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What need a living host to survive?
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parasites
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What grow well in acidic environment?
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kingdom fungi: pH 5
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What tolerate high osmotic pressure/low moisture?
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kingdom fungi
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KNOW TABLE 12.2
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page 2 in notes
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What is a thallus of mold?
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hypha(e)
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How do molds grow?
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by elongation at the tip
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What part of mold grows?
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each fragment of hypha
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What are the 2 types of mold?
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septate hypha and aseptate
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What have a cross wall/septum (septa) that separates cells?
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septate hypha
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What have no septa?
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aseptate
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What are the 2 types of hyphae?
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coencytic (aseptate) and septate
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What is a mass of hyphae?
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mycelium (mycelia)
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What do vegetative hyphae do?
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absorb nutrients from agar
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What are hyphae that stick out from agar?
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aerial hyphae
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What are unicellular, spherical or oval?
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yeasts
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How do yeasts reproduce?
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fission or budding
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What are buds that remain attached to the mother cell that form a chain of cells?
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pseudohyphae
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What are yeasts in response to oxygen?
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facultative anaerobes
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What is one cell dividing equally into two cells?
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fission
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What is a bigger mother cell that generates smaller daughter cells?
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budding
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What is an important fermenter?
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saccharomyces cerevisiae
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What does Saccharomyces cerevisae do in response to oxygen?
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anaerobic (fermenter)
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What is Saccharomyces cerevisiae good for?
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fermenter and Hepatitis B vaccine
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What has 2 forms of growth?
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dimorphic fungi
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How can dimorphic fungi grow?
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as yeast or mold
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When are dimorphic fungi mold?
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in environment: below 30 C
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When are dimorphic fungi yeast?
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in human: 37 C
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What is septum?
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divides: cross wall
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What is conencytic hypha?
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has no septa
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What is a filament of mold?
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hyphae
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What is a mass of hyphae?
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mycelium
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What is a chain of yeast that remains attached?
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pseudohypha
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What has 2 forms: yeast or mold?
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dimorphic fungi
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What do fungi produce a large amount of for reproduction?
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spores
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What do most fungi produce?
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sexual and asexual spores
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What is sexual reproduction?
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mating of M and F gametes that form zygote
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What is asexual reproduction?
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filament divides and produces spores
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Are mold spores as resistant as bacterial endospores?
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no, endospores are more resistant
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What is formed by fragmentation of septate hypha with a slightly thick wall?
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arthrospore
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What is a thick walled spore formed within a hypha?
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chlamydospore
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Is every fragment of a chlamydospore a spore?
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no
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What has spores that form within a sporangium?
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sporangiospore
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What does a sporangium do?
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pops and releases the spores into the air
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What is a sac like structure that contains spores
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sporangium
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What is the sporangiophore?
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supports the sporangium
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Does a sporangiospore have septa?
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no
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What type of reproduction is sporangiospore?
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asexual
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What are naked spores formed at the tip of a conidiophore?
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conidiospore
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What is a bud coming off of the parent cell?
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blastospore
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What is the structure that bears sexual spores
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fruiting body
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What is an example of a fruiting body?
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mushroom
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What is dikaryon?
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1N + 1N
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What is it when 2 nuclei fuse?
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2 nuclei fuse into a zygote (2N)
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What happens with the 2N zygote?
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goes to meiosis and makes 1N sexual spores
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What are 2 nuclei after fusion?
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dikaryon
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What is the action of fusing into a zygote?
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karyogamy
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What is a large spore enclosed in a thick wall?
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zygospore
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What is produced from the zygospore?
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sporangium
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What is formed inside a sac like structure (ascus)
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ascospores
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What is the fruiting body in Sordaria?
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Parithecium
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What does an ascus contain?
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ascospores
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What is basdiospore produce?
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basidiomycota
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Where are spores for a basidiospore formed?
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on a base- basidium
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HOw many basidiospores are on one basidium?
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4
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What is fungus with both sexual and asexual stages?
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teletomorph
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What is a fungus without sexual stages?
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anamorph
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What are members of division zygomycota?
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zygomycetes
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What type of hyphae do zygomycetes have?
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coenocytic hyphae
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What do zygomycetes produce as asexual spores?
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sporangiospores
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What do zygomycetes produce after conjugation?
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zygospore
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What is a bread mold?
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Rhizopus
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WHat is rhizopus?
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usually harmless, occassionally cause diseases in immunocompromised hosts
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What makes black mold spores?
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Rhizopus
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What is a black bread mold?
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Rhizopus
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What is the asexual spore of Rhizopus?
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sporangiospore
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What supports the sporangium?
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sporangiophore
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What are the "roots" of rhizopus?
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rhizoids
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What are yeasts and molds with separate hyphae?
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division ascomycota
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What is the asexual spore of ascomycota?
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usually conidiospore
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What is the sexual spore of division ascomycota?
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ascospore
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Where are spores formed in ascomycetes?
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sac like structure: ascus
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What color spores does penicillin make?
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blue
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WHat are hyphae like for penicillium?
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septate hyphae
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What is aspergillus?
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rough surface; pompom ball; sporangium with smooth surface
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What does Histoplasma capsulatum?
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systemic infection
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What type of spores does Histoplasma?
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conidiospores
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What does Histoplama capsulatum cause?
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lung pneumonia
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What type of hyphae does division basidiomycota have?
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septate hyphae
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What is formed on basidium?
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sexual basidiospores
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What is a lung and central nerve system infection?
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Cryptococcus
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What can Cryptococcus cause?
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meningitis
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What type of fungi is Cryptococcus?
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dimorphic
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What is part of division basidiomycota?
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toxic mushrooms
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Where are basidiospores formed?
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basidium
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What is the name for the group where sexual stages haven't been found?
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Division Deuteromycota/ anamorph
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What are mycoses?
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fungal diseases
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How are mycoses classified?
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on tissue involvement
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What are the 5 type of mycoses?
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systemic, subcutaneous, cutaneous, superficial, and opportunistic
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What mycoses infect dead cells like skin/hair?
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superficial mycoses
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What is systemic mycoses?
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infection that involves a number of tissues and organs
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What usually causes systemic mycoses?
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saprophytic fungi in soil
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HOw is systemic mycoses caused?
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inhale spores, spores germinate in lung, spread to other organs
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What is a disease that resembles TB and what causes it?
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histoplasmosis- Histoplasma capsulatum
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What is HIstoplasma capsulatum?
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dimorphic fungi
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Where does HIstoplasma capsulatum grow?
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in soil rich in bird and bat dropping
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How do you get Histoplasmosis
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after inhaling HIstoplasma capsulatum conidiospores, the spores germinate in the lung, yeasts grow in the lung, asymptomatic or pneumonia, may spread and become systemic infection
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What are subcutaneous mycoses limited to
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skin and SC tissue
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What causes subcutaneous mycoses?
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saprophytic fungi live in soil
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how does subcutaneous mycoses occur
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infection occurs after spores or hyphae enter wound
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What causes sporotrichosis
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Sporothrix schenckii
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What is Sporotrichosis?
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nodules and ulcerative lesions develop along lymphatic vessels
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What is cutaneous mycoses/ dermatophytosis?
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caused by dermatophytes which produce keratinase
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What is keratinase
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an enzyme that breaks down keratin
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What does cutaneous mycoses infect
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skin, hair, nails, etc
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How is cutaneous mycoses spread?
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direct contact or indirect contact (contaminated shower floor)
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What is an example of cutaneous mycoses that causes a clear slightly raised skin lesion?
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Ringworm: Tinea corporis, Tinea pedis (athletes foot), or Tinea capitis
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What is superficial mycoses?
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infect superficial layer of skin or on hair shafts (dead cells), not living tissue
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Do you feel superficial mycoses
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not usually
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What is discoloration of the skin
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Tinea versicolor
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What is the layer of dead cells that superficial mycoses is in
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stratum corneum
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What can superificial mycoses do to hair?
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white or black piedra: shave off hair
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What is an example of an opportunistic mycosis?
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candidiasis, aspergilloma, mycotoxicosis
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What is shown by thrush?
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big white patches/ candidiasis
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What does Candida albican cause?
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thrush, diaper rash, eye infection
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What is caused by aspergillus?
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Aspergilloma
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What is a toxin made by fungi?
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mycotoxin
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What is Aflatoxin?
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Aspergillus flavus= carcinogen and liver toxinogen that accumulates in liver and can cause liver cancer and death
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What can cause mushroom poisoning
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death cap mushroom
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What can fungus infect
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plants, animal, human
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What are some important parts to fungus?
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diseases, spoilage of food, deterioration of leather/wood, decomposer of dead animals, plants, etc., food, fermentation, production of antibiotics, mycorrhizae
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What makes up plant cell walls
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cellulose
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What are some foods fermented by fungus?
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cheese, soy sauce, beer
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What is an antibody produced by a fungus
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penicillin
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What does mycorrhizae do?
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helps roots of vascular plants to absorb water and minerals
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