Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Origin of mutation
|
dark side of mutation ( cancer, FB, etc)
In this class: Genetic variance etc flower nutrition. |
|
Mutation and mutants
|
recreate new variants of genes and recombinantion
|
|
Mutation
|
change in DNA sequence that can lead to an altered coding or gene regulatory sequence and altered phenotype
|
|
Somatic mutation
|
not inheritable. a patch of mutant cells.
|
|
Germline mutations
|
fall within cells that make gametes.
|
|
Is mutation a normal ongoing process
|
fluctuation test
spontaneous vs. genetic adaptation |
|
How do they do that ?
|
Compare bacterial resistance o viruses between many independently grown samples of bacteria
|
|
We are undergoing
|
spontaneous mutation
|
|
Spontaneous mutations occur
|
pretty rare but detectible frequency.
|
|
We each carry
|
around 150 mutation
|
|
General types of mutation
|
spontaneous
Induced Point mutation Insertional mutation Chromosomal mutartion. |
|
Types of point muations
|
base substitutions
. Transition - Purine -> purine; pyrimidine -> pyrimidine ( G.C->A.T) . Transversion- Indels mutaion . Insertions/deletion. |
|
Origins of spontaneous mutation
|
Replication errors:
-Base mispariring |
|
Replication errors
|
transitions and transversions
|
|
Chemical changes to DNA
|
Depurination
LEads most frequently to transversions but also transitions. |
|
Cosequences of point mutatopms
|
changes to encoded proteins
Loss of function mutation: Hypomorphic, null Gian of function mutation: Hypermophic and neomorphic mutation |
|
Consequences of point mutations
|
silent mutation: no affect of the protein
Missense mutation: -Conversative (neutral mutation) chemically similar amino acid. -Nonconservative- chemically dissimilar acid. |
|
Mutation in noncoding sequences can also affect protein-coding gene function
|
eg. splice site and cis regulatory sequence.
|
|
4 types of may cause mutation
|
DNA mispairing due to wobles position
DNA slippage ( deletion ) Cell Depurination ( tranversion , usually A-> T or C-> G ) Deamination ( C- Uracil -> usually transition ) |