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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the application of computational methods to the storage and analysis of computational data |
Bioinformatics |
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The study of a whole set of genes and their interactions |
Genomics |
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Three stages of the 1999 Human Genome Project |
1. Genetic (linkage) mapping 2. Physical mapping 3. DNA sequencing |
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_________ , which shows absolute distance between genes, is constructed by cutting DNA into many short fragments and arranging them in order by overlapping fragments |
Physical map |
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This approach skips genetic and physical mapping and sequences all the DNA fragments directly |
Whole-Genome Shotgun (Venter, 1992) |
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Sequencing of DNA from a whole group of species collected from a single environmental sample |
metagenomics |
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eliminates the need to culture species separately in the lab and has been used to the DNA of bacterial communities |
metagenomics |
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Largest genetic database, doubling its data ~ every year! |
GenBank |
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Automated search routines in databases allow for _______________, the identification of protein coding genes within long DNA sequences. |
Gene annotation |
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Study of all proteins encoded by a genome and they are regulated and interact in living organisms. |
Proteomics |
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Genomes from _______ range from 1 to 6 million base pairs (Mb); genomes of _______ are typically larger than 100 Mb. |
Prokaryotes, eukaryotes |
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sequences that move from one site to another in the genome; present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
transposable elements |
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two types of eukaryotic transposable elements: |
transposons and retrotransposons |
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type of transposable element that moves by a means of DNA intermediate, can be cut and paste or copy and paste |
transposon |
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type of transposable element that moves by a means of RNA, always copy and pasted and results in an increase in number of transposable elements |
retrotransposon |
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Multiple copies of transposable elements may facilitate recombination, or crossing over, between different chromosomes |
Transposable elements facts |
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Insertion of a transposable element within a protein coding sequence may block protein production |
Transposable elements facts |
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Insertion of a transposable element within a regulatory sequence may increase or decrease protein production |
Transposable elements facts |
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Many genes occur in ____________, collection of identical or very similar genes |
Multigene families |
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Some ________ consist of identical DNA sequences, usually clustered tandemly, such as short tandem repeats (STr's) or segments that code for RNA products. These can be associated with duplication, rearrangement, or fusion of chromosomes |
Multigene families |
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Unequal crossing over during _________ can result in one chromosome with a deletion and another with a duplication of a particular region. |
Prophase 1 meiosis |
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__________ can provide sites for crossover between nonsister chromatids. |
Transposable elements |
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Evolution in Multigene Families: Enzyme that helps protect animals against bacterial infection. This gene was duplicated and evolved into the gene that encodes for lactalbumin in mammals. |
Lysozyme |
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Non enzymatic protein that plays a role in milk production in mammals; evolved from lysozyme |
Lactalbumin |
