Biol 153 Exam 2

Front 1

Marine Amphiabians

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do not exist at all

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all tetrapods are

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air breathers

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all reptiles are

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ectotherms

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one of these is not a characteristic of sea turtles

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have a shell that is free from the backbone

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sea sankes feed mostly on

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small fishes

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penguins

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can be found as far as the equator

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seals, sea lions, and the walrus are classified as belonging to the order:

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pinnipedia

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sea lions can be readily distinguished from the seals because in contrast to seals they have:

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external ears

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The walrus feeds mostly on:

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clams

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We can tell that cetaceans are mammals because they:

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have hair

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Only one of these is a toothed whale:

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dolphin

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An example of a baleen whale:

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blue

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Blubber is found in all of these marine mammals except:

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sea otter

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The largest of all of the whales is the blue; the second largest

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fin

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thhe gray whale feed mostly on

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bottom crustaceans

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Baleen plates are:

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rigid and having small hairs on one side only

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baleen whales lack

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teeth

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an example of a whale known as a rorqual

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blue

Front 19

Ambergris, used in the manufacture of perfumes, comes from what part of whales?

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undigested food

Front 20

Dolphins and other whales are adapted for deep diving by:

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collapsing their lungs

Front 21

One of the following is not an adaptation for deep diving in cetaceans

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blood flow is shifted from the brain to the extremities

Front 22

Echolocation is a sense that relies on:

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sound

Front 23

Echolocation is present in:

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all toothed whales

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The spermaceti organ of sperm whales is thought to regulate buoyancy and:

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focus and direct sound waves

Front 25

Breaching refers to whales:

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jumping above the surface

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The humpback and other baleen whales migrate every year:

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to reproduce in the tropics during winter

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In order to reduce drag, the penis of cetaceans is

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internal until just before copulation

Front 28

Delayed implantation of the embryo allows pinnipeds to:

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time birth with arrival to breeding area

Front 29

The migrating gray whale breeds:

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every other year

Front 30

One of the following alternatives does not apply to the typical cetacean calf:

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is born with a developed blubber

Front 31

marine fungi

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are parts of lichens that live on rocky shores

Front 32

The group of vertebrates containing the largest number of species:

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fishes

Front 33

One of the following is not a characteristic of all chordates:

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backbone

Front 34

An example of a jawless fish:

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hagfish

Front 35

The whale shark feeds on:

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plankton

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The caudal fins of sharks are located on:

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the tail end

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demersal fishes

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live on the bottom

Front 38

Rays and skates typically feed on:

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small animals that live on the bottom

Front 39

One of the following characterizes bony fishes in general:

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presence of an operculum

Front 40

One particular feature found in bony fishes but absent in cartilaginous fishes

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swim bladder

Front 41

When a particular color pattern allows animals like fishes to blend with their surroundings

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cryptic coloration

Front 42

The shiny color of many fishes is the result of:

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chromatophores

Front 43

In many sharks, extra buoyancy is provided by the:

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liver

Front 44

The gill rakers are involved in which of the following?

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filtering food in filter feeding fishes

Front 45

basking sharks feed on

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plankton

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Fishes with a small mouth located at the end of a long, thin "bill" are more likely to feed on:

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very small animals

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Chemical digestion in fishes usually begins in the:

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stomach

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The heart of all fishes has how many chambers?

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two

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In fishes, the function of the liver is to:

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produce bile, which is used in the digestion of fats

Front 50

Spiracles are involved in:

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allowing fishes like rays to take in water even when the mouth is buried in sediment

Front 51

The function of arteries in fishes is to:

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carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body

Front 52

Oxygen is carried in the blood of fishes by what protein?

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hemoglobin

Front 53

The counter-current system of flow is involved in:

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increasing the amount of oxygen that diffuses into the blood

Front 54

The purpose of the lateral line in fishes:

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detecting vibrations

Front 55

The nictitating membrane of sharks:

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moves across the eye

Front 56

Anadromous fishes migrate:

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from the sea to reproduce in fresh water

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An example of a catadromous fish:

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atlantic eel

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One of the following is a synonym of spawning:

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external fertilization

Front 59

The claspers are structures involved in:

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copulation

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Ovoviviparous fishes:

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retain fertilized eggs for development

Front 61

Most marine fishes are:

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oviparous

Front 62

Seaweeds are included in the kingdom Protista. Some biologists, however, include them insteadin the kingdom:

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plantae

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Seaweeds and many bacteria are primary producers. In contrast to those bacteria that are primaryproducers, however, seaweeds:

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are photosynthetic

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Seaweeds, or macrophytes, can be best differentiated from the other algae because seaweeds:

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are mostly multicelluar

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Seaweeds can be best differentiated from true plants because seaweeds:

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have no true roots, leaves, or stems

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The root-like, anchoring structure of many seaweeds is called the:

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holdfast

Front 67

The thallus of a seaweed refers to its:

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complete body

Front 68

The stem-like structure of seaweeds such as kelp is called the:

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stipe

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One of these groups of algae is found mostly in fresh water and on land, that is, only a smallnumber is actually marine:

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green algae

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Green algae are characterized by:

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having pigments similar to land plants

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The most complex and largest of all the seaweeds is included among one of these groups

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brown algae

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Coralline red algae receive this name due to their ability to

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accumulate calcium carbonate

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The group of seaweeds with the largest number of species are the:

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red algae

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Encrusting algae are commonly found living:

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on rocks

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Algin is a natural product extracted from seaweeds. It is used as:

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an emulsifier in processed foods

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Reproduction in seaweeds can be very complex. It generally includes

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both sexual and asexual reproduction

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Marine flowering plants include all of the following except

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kelps

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Marine flowering plants can be best differentiated from seaweeds by the fact that the marineflowering plants:

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reproduce by seeds

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Salt-tolerant plants such as salt-marsh plants are called:

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halophytes

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Mangroves live in coastal waters that:

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are well protected from wave action

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Animals, members of the kingdom Animalia are characterized by all of the following exceptone:

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unique pattern of zygote development

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Which of the following type of cells and structures of a sponge does not match the function?

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collar cells - calcareous structures for support

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All sponges share one of these features

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multicellular

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An example of an anthozoan

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reef corals

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Sponges and all filter feeders use the following as a food source:

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all particulate matter suspended in water

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A larva is best defined as:

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early stage of development of an organism, typically part of plankton

Front 87

All cnidarians share all of these features except one:

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complete digestive tract with two openings

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Most cnidarians are specialized as:

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carnivores

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Statocysts are structures use in:

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sensing balance

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Comb jellies are:

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distinguished by eight bands of cilia

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In a bilaterally symmetrical animal, which of the following is not correctly paired:

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ventral - brain

Front 92

The development of bilateral symmetry in invertebrates has particularly influenced the evolutionof a more complex

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nervous system

Front 93

Flatworms are characterized by having

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a central nervous system

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One group of parasites of fishes, seabirds, and other marine animals:

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flukes

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The most distinctive feature of ribbon worms:

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long proboscis

Front 96

-Which of the following is not correctly paired:

A) phylum Ctenophora - comb jellies

B) phylum Nematoda - round worms

C) phylum Nemertea - ribbon worms

D) phylum Platyhelminthes - beard worms

E) phylum Porifera - sponges

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phylum Platyhelminthes - beard worms

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The trocophore is a:

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larva

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Deposit-feeding animals feed on:

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organic matter that settles on the bottom

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Polychaete worms show

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segmentation

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Beard worms are unique because they lack

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a digestive track

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-Which of the following are not correctly paired?

A) class Gastropoda - mussels

B) class Bivalvia - oysters

C) class Polyplacophora - chitons

D) class Cephalopoda - octopus

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class Gastropoda - mussels

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Arrow worms feed on:

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live prey

Front 103

The basic characteristics of lophophorates include all of the following except:

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presence of nematocysts

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All molluscs

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have a soft body covered by a mantle

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The radula and crystalline style of molluscs are part of the

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digestive system

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Nudibranchs are members of which group of molluscs?

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gastropods

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One distinctive feature of arthropods:

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jointed legs

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One of the following in not a crustacean:

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horseshoe crab

Front 109

One distinctive feature of all echinoderms

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endoskeleton

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-Which of the following are not correctly paired?

A) class Asteroidea - sea stars

B) class Holothuroidea - sea cucumbers

C) class Ophiuroidea - brittle stars

D) class Echinoidea - feather stars

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class Echinoidea - feather stars

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Bilateral symmetry is characteristic of

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flatworms

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Which insulates various internal organs from the stresses of body-wall movement and bathesthem in a liquid through which nutrients and waste products can diffuse?

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a coelom

Front 113

The animal group that contains the greatest number of named species is

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arthropods

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Which of the following is (are) characteristic of vertebrates?

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a skull & a backbone consisting of a vertebrae

-(a & c)

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Which of the following adaptations first appeared in reptiles and allowed them to complete theirlife cycles on land?

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the amniotic egg

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All animals early development pass through the gastrula phase except

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sponges

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Echinoderms (sea urchins) and chordates are

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both deuterostomes

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Plants are believed to have evolved from

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green algae

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Archaeopteryx was a transitional form between

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birds and reptiles

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The animal group that contains the greatest number of named species is

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arthropods

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A structure that is retained even though it is no longer needed is called:

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vestigial

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The key to the evolutionary success of reptiles is

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the amniotic egg

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Most marine reptiles must still return to land to

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reproduce

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marine iguanas feed on

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seaweed

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Marine crocodiles drink saltwater and eliminate the acess salt by way of

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specialized glands on the tongue

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Birds that exhibit soaring flight have

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small bodies

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The seabird that plays an important role in keeping beaches clean is the

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gull

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Shorebirds generally have

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long legs and long beaks

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Sperm whales feed primarily on

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squid

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Mammals feed theft young on secretions produced by

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mammary glands

Front 131

Phocid seals lack

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external ears

Front 132

The primary food of baleen whales is

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bill

Front 133

The spermaceti in the head of a sperm whale is thought to play a role in

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echolocation

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the largest dolphin is the

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killer whale

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The only pinniped to feed on warm-blooded animals isthe

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leopard seal

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Sea otters are protected from the cold by

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thick fur

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Bacteria that make their own organic compounds by obtaining energy from chemical compoundsand not directly from light are known as:

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chemosynthetic

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Cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae, are characterized by being:

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photosynthetic

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Stromatolites are:

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calcareous deposits deposited by cyanobacteria

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Organisms having a shell made of silica (SiO2):

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diatoms

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algae are

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eukaryotic

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diatoms are mostly

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planktonic

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reproduction in diatoms is

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asexual and sexual

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red tides are caused mostly by

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dinoflagellates

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Dinoflagellates that live in association with reef-building corals and other animals are known as

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zooxanthellae

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The dominant group of planktonic primary producers in cold water:

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diatoms

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marine fungi

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are mostly photosynthetic

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which of the following does not apply to protozoans

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multicellular

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Radiolarians are characterized by

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being mostly planktonic

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which of the following are not prozoans

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dinoflagellates

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which of hte following are not protists

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cyanobacteria