Biol 1406 Lab 5

Front 1

Macromolecules

Back 1

Large, organic (carbon based) molecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins.

Front 2

Vitamins

Back 2

organic molecules the body cannot make from other molecules. Helpers in metabolic pathways, needed in small amounts

Front 3

Minerals

Back 3

Required metal ions such as Cu Fe Ca magnesium

Front 4

Positive Control

Back 4

Used in biochemical tests - a test that contains the variable that we are testing for.

Front 5

Negative control

Back 5

In biochemical tests, this test does not contain the variable we are looking for

Front 6

Carbohydrate composition

Back 6

C-H-O in a ratio of 1:2:1

Front 7

Monosaccharides

Back 7

single sugars: glucose, fructose, galactose, rivose, deoxyribose. Easilyused with cessl as energy sources.

Front 8

How monosaccharides are joined

Back 8

Glycosidic linkage

Front 9

Disaccharides

Back 9

Two monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkage. ex: sucrose, maltose, lactose

Front 10

Polysaccharides

Back 10

Many (more than 20) monosaccharides joined | starches, glycogen, cellulose

Front 11

Benedict's reagent

Back 11

Monosaccharides and some other sugars reduce the Cu2+ ion in the reagent to Cu+ (via a carbon not involved in a glycosidic linkage (called a____))

Front 12

Positive indicator in Benedict's reagent

Back 12

Color change from blue to green, orange, or red. Green indicates a small amount of sugar. Others indicate abundant.

Front 13

The only carbon in glucose that is bonded to two oxygens. Why is this important?

Back 13

anomeric carbon; involved in the formation of comple carbohydrates by a reaction that involves the union of two monosaccharides.

Front 14

What is used to test for starch?

Back 14

Iodine test.

Front 15

How does the Biuret test work, what does it indicate?

Back 15

a color change from blue to violet occurs due to a complex forming between the Cu2= ion and at least four peptide bonds,the presence of proteins.

Front 16

Name the test for proteins, and explain why it won't work for amino acids

Back 16

Biuret's test, it forms a complex with the peptide bond which is absent in the amino acid monomers

Front 17

Lipids are hydrophobic, right?

Back 17

Correct, they are not soluble in water

Front 18

What is a triglyceride?

Back 18

Fats, or lipids made of one glycerol and three fatty acids.

Front 19

Three functions of lipids

Back 19

component of cell membrane, provide energy when carbs are low, some are steroid hormones

Front 20

What is a test for lipids?

Back 20

Sudan test, a positive indication will include a separation layer and the presence of the orange dye on the top layer

Front 21

Reducing agent

Back 21

the atom or compound that loses the electron in a reduction

Front 22

Reduction

Back 22

gain of an electron or hydrogen

Front 23

Oxidation

Back 23

loss of an electron or hydrogen

Front 24

Oxidizing agent

Back 24

the atom or compound that gains the electron in a reduction

Front 25

What happens in the iodine test?

Back 25

The iodince interacts with the coiled structure of starch, changing its color from yellowish-brown to blue-black.

Front 26

Starch includes glucose molecules. What happens when utilizing the test for starch on a glucose solution.

Back 26

You mean the iodine test. Nothing happens. Glucose does not have the coiled structure that interacts with iodine.