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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is diffusion? |
Movement of molecules from high to low concentration |
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What is osmosis? |
Diffusion of only WATER across semipermeable membrane. Moves from low solute to high solute |
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Hypertonic solutions: |
Causes water to move out of cell to high solute solution |
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Hypotonic solutions |
Solution causing cell to take in water |
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Isotonic solutions |
Solute equilibrium. Cell does not gain or lose water |
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Kinetic energy |
Energy in motion |
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Potential energy |
Stored energy |
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What is Metabolism |
All chemical reactions in your body |
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Endergonic reactions: ATP? |
Building complex molecules out of monomers. Requires atp. |
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Exergonic reactions: ATP? |
Breaks down molecules. Releases energy. |
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What is oxidation? |
Transfer/loss of electrons between molecules |
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What is reduction? |
Gain of electron to molecules. |
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ATP stands for |
Adenosine Tri Phosphate |
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ADP Stands for |
Adenosine Di Phosphate |
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Enzymes are made of |
Proteins |
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What is a catalyst? What does it do to energy? |
Speeds up metabolism. Lowers energy cost for enzymes to break down substrates |
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What is a substrate? |
Reactant molecule for enzymes to break down |
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What do enzymes do? |
Break down substrates/molecules |
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What is H2O2 |
Hydrogen Peroxide |
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What enzyme is responsible for breaking down H2O2? |
Catalase |
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When substrate connects with enzyme, what is created |
Enzyme Substrate Complex |
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The energy required to start chemical reactions: |
Activation energy |
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Enzymes lower what |
Activation energy |
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Cofactors are |
Things that speed up enzyme reactions. |
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Slows down enzyme reactions |
Enzyme inhibitors |
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Inhibitors do what |
Change the substrate active site |
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Competitive inhibitions is when |
Inhibitor blocks the substrate active site |
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What 3 factors effect enzyme activity? |
Temperature, pH balance, Amount of substrate |
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What is saturation? |
Too much substrate. Enzymes working at maximum efficiency |
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When substrate no longer fits the enzyme, the enzyme has |
Denatured |
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What is a concentration gradient? |
Comparison of solutes on each side of membrane |
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Inhibitors that slow down enzyme activity are |
Non-competitive inhibitors |
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Active transport: |
Transport through PM requires ATP |
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Passive Transport |
Transport through pm. Does not use atp |
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3 types of passive transport |
Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion |
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3 types of active transport |
Endocytosis, exocytosis, NaK pump |
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What 2 things effect diffusion rate? |
Temperature, gradient size |
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All cells have |
DNA, Ribosomes, Ctytoplasm, PM |
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DNA Config |
A-T, C-G |
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RNA config |
A-U, C-G, T-A |
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Denaturing |
Changing of enzyme substrate complex |
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Endocytosis |
Biomolecules entering the cell |
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Exocytosis |
Biomolecules leaving the cell |
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What are monomers? |
Molecules that make up biomolecules. CLPN |
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PM is made of what |
Phospholipids |
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6 Functions of Proteins in PM |
Transport molecules Speed Enzymatic Activity Signal Transduction Cell-Cell recognition Cell Structure Cell joining |
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Water passes through PM via |
Aquaporins |
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What is osmoregulation |
Controls water balance |
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Define tonicity |
Ability of solution to make cell gain or lose water |
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Phagocytosis |
Cells eating large molecules |
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Pinocytosis |
Cells taking in small molecules/solutes |
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When receptor proteins capture molecules |
Receptor Mediated Endocytosis |
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What is facilitated diffusion |
Transport proteins moving molecules across PM |
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3 types of endocytosis |
Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis |
