Biol 1000 C.7

Front 1

Photosynthesis

Back 1

using light as an energy source

Front 2

Autotrophs

Back 2

Organisms that can sustain themselves without consuming organic molecules from their environment

Front 3

Photoautotrophs

Back 3

autotrophs that get their energy from light

Front 4

There are also chemoautotrophs that get their energy by

Back 4

oxidizing non-organic chemicals from their environment (i.e. hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen gas (H2))

Front 5

Heterotrophs

Back 5

organism that must consume organic molecules to survive

Front 6

Capturing light energy fuels the

Back 6

cellular carbon based energy economy

Front 7

All carbon in our (we are heterotrophs like the bear to theright) food

Back 7

Was ‘fixed’ from atmospheric CO2 by producers using photosynthesis

Front 8

No producers =

Back 8

no consumers

Front 9

Occurs in the chloroplast

Back 9

Uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) and release of oxygen (O2)

Front 10

Light reactions

Back 10

Transform energy in light into potential energy stored in chemical bonds (a.k.a. chemical energy in ATP and NADPH)

Front 11

Calvin Cycle

Back 11

Transform potential energy in the products of the light reactions (ATP and NADPH) into energy stored in carbohydrates formed by carbon fixation (i.e. made new from CO2)

Front 12

Photosynthesis

Back 12

Uptake of carbondioxide (CO2) and release of oxygen(O2) and formation of carbohydrate

Front 13

Electromagneticradiation

Back 13

Light behavesas a wave and discreet ‘packets’ of energy (called a photon)

Visiblelight only a small part of the scale

Front 14

White light is

Back 14

ALL visible colours combined – separate into a ‘spectrum’ of colours with a prism

Front 15

Black is

Back 15

the absence of colours

Front 16

Shorterwavelength =

Back 16

more energy per photon

Front 17

Why are MOSTplants green?

light NOT absorbed.

Back 17

Chlorophyll (major pigment)does not absorb much light with equal to ‘green’ light

You seelight ‘filtered’ of wavelength absorbed by pigments

Front 18

When light reaches an object it can either be:

Back 18

1) Reflected(redirected)

2) Transmitted(passes through)

3) Absorbed(energy is retained in the object)

Front 19

White objects ___ all wavelengths ofvisible light

Black objects ___ all wavelengths of visiblelight

Back 19

White reflects

Black absorbs

Front 20

Photosystemscapture solar energy

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Pigments trap and transfer energy

Front 21

Lightharvesting complex

Back 21

proteins with bound pigment molecules

Front 22

Reactioncentre complex

Back 22

site where primary electron acceptor is reduced

Front 23

Pairedchlorophyll a molecules

Back 23

site where electrons enter the photosystem

Front 24

Bound Chlorophyll

Back 24

the pigment in photosystems; behaves very different from in solution – less heat released and less light fluorescence

Front 25

Instead

Back 25

Energy is transferred from pigment molecule to pigment molecule

Front 26

Twophotosystems work together

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*Electron transport chain provides energy for synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis

Linked by an electron transport chain

Front 27

The Calvin Cycle

Back 27

The products of exergonic reactions (from light reactions) are used to drive the formation of carbohydrates by fixation of carbon dioxide

Front 28

Carbonfixation

Back 28

CO2 combines with a 5 carbon carbohydrate (RuBP) and splits into 2 x 3-carbon molecules (this happens 3 times … now 6 x 3-carbon molecules).

Front 29

Reduction

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Electrons are donated to the 3-carbon molecules from NADPH. Energy from ATP is required (i.e. endergonic)

One of the 6 3-carbon molecules is used to makecarbohydrate (i.e. glucose)

Front 30

Regeneration

Back 30

The 5 other 3 carbon compounds used to make new RuBP. Required ATP.

Front 31

CarbonDioxide, the ‘Greenhouse effect’ and photosynthesis

Back 31

Sunlight -> atmosphere -> some heat energy escapes, radiant heat trapped by CO2 & other gases

Front 32

What are fossil fuels?

Back 32

Coal, Oil, Natural gas

Front 33

Began as large productive ecosystems

Back 33

-Amazon river basin

-Jurassic

Front 34

Mixed Gasoline

Back 34

Sustainable move to supplement gasoline with ethanol

-photosynthesis fuels food plants growth

-fermentation plant

Front 35

Biofuels

Back 35

All fossil fuel energy came from photosynthesis Biofuel

–A fuel derived directly from living matter

Challenges include, is it possible to grow more fuel than needed to process/refine it

Front 36

Algae

Back 36

Some tiny marine algae make a lot of lipid (oil) May make 10-100 times more oil per unit area than terrestrial crops

Front 37

Why oil?

Back 37

In part – so the small heavy cells can FLOAT