Biol 10 Chapter 7

Front 1

Gregor Mendel's genetic research

- focused on pea plants because they have fewer than four different heritable traits.
- was not appreciated by the scientific community until after he died.
- included detailed studies on the phenomena of codominance and incomplete dominance.
- produced results that can be used to predict heritability in plants but not animals.

Back 1

was not appreciated by the scientific community until after he died.

Front 2

What is the term used to describe a trait that is controlled by many genes?

- polygenic
- dominant
- heritable
- dihybrid

Back 2

polygenic

Front 3

Which of these describes influence on a trait that is due to genes and not environment?

- Identical twins Kiera and Tanya have different colored hair.
- Sandy's hair becomes blonder when she spends time out in the sun.
- Hair dye turns Angela's brown hair to red.
- Jen has brown hair, just like her mother and father.

Back 3

Jen has brown hair, just like her mother and father.

Front 4

A mutation in a gene

- cannot result in a protein with a new function.
- must result in the creation of a nonfunctional protein.
- invariably results in a change in the phenotype of an organism.
- might have no effect on the protein encoded by the gene.

Back 4

might have no effect on the protein encoded by the gene.

Front 5

Which of these produces genetic diversity in a population?

- independent assortment
- segregation
- random fertilization
- mutation

Back 5

mutation

Front 6

What can be concluded about the ability of doctorate-category sperm to help produce children that are smarter than average?

- Children produced by this type of sperm have an approximately 72% chance of being more intelligent than average.
- There is currently no way to predict whether children produced by this type of sperm will be smarter than average.
- Children produced by this type of sperm will be smarter than average only if the mother has a high IQ.
- Because intelligence has no genetic basis, there's no real reason to expect children produced by this type of sperm to be smarter than average.

Back 6

There is currently no way to predict whether children produced by this type of sperm will be smarter than average.

Front 7

Huntington's disease is caused by the allele H, which is completely dominant to the normal recessive allele h. Consider a couple where the man has the genotype Hh, and the woman has the genotype hh. What is the chance that their first child will develop Huntington's disease?

- 75%
- 0%
- 25%
- 50%

Back 7

50%

Front 8

An individual who is a carrier for a recessive genetic disorder but does not have symptoms of the disorder is

- homozygous for the dominant allele.
- either homozygous for the recessive allele or heterozygous.
- heterozygous.
- homozygous for the recessive allele.

Back 8

heterozygous.

Front 9

Which of the following is a cross between parents who each have two different alleles for each of two different genes?

- AaBB x AABb
- AaBb x AaBb
- aabb x AABB
- AAbb x aaBB

Back 9

AaBb x AaBb

Front 10

Which of the following is true about genes that are located on different chromosomes?

- Only the dominant alleles of these genes tend to be inherited together.
- These genes are inherited independently of each other.
- These genes are more likely to undergo mutation.
- These genes are always inherited together.

Back 10

These genes are inherited independently of each other.

Front 11

If the DNA contained in the chromosomes of an organism is similar to an instruction manual, then what are the genes "instructing" the cell to do?

- grow in size until a certain point is reached, then reproduce itself
- convert carbohydrates into enzymes
- change shape and structure to meet the demands of the local environment
- synthesize specific proteins from amino acids

Back 11

synthesize specific proteins from amino acids

Front 12

Alternate forms of a gene are called

- chromosomes.
- homologues.
- gametes.
- alleles.

Back 12

alleles.

Front 13

Typical quantitative traits

- are easy to follow using Punnett squares.
- are not affected by the environment.
- are usually influenced by only one gene.
- show continuous variation.

Back 13

show continuous variation.

Front 14

Which of the following is a true statement about chromosomes?

- The most complex organisms have the largest number of chromosomes.
- Only eukaryotic cells contain chromosomes.
- Chromosomes are made of carbohydrates.
- Genes are found on chromosomes.

Back 14

Genes are found on chromosomes.

Front 15

Which of the following pairs of people would provide the most useful information to geneticists, regarding the heritability of a certain trait?

- non-twin siblings separated into different households soon after birth
- monozygotic twins separated into different households soon after birth
- non-twin siblings raised in the same household since birth
- monozygotic twins raised in the same household since birth

Back 15

monozygotic twins separated into different households soon after birth

Front 16

If a certain recessive allele can cause a change in cellular proteins that ultimately leads to circulatory problems and premature death, then

- any homozygous individual will always have an advantage over any heterozygous individual.
- any heterozygous individual will always have an advantage over any homozygous individual.
- any heterozygous individual will have an advantage over any homozygous recessive individual.
- any homozygous individual will always have a disadvantage compared to any heterozygous individual.

Back 16

any heterozygous individual will have an advantage over any homozygous recessive individual.

Front 17

A heterozygous organism

- always shows a recessive trait.
- has two different alleles of a gene.
- has two identical alleles of a gene.
- can't produce gametes.

Back 17

has two different alleles of a gene.

Front 18

Which if the following is the correct sequence of how an animal is "built"?

- meiosis ? fertilization ? embryo ? zygote
- fertilization ? meiosis ? zygote ? embryo
- meiosis ? fertilization ? zygote ? embryo
- fertilization ? zygote ? meiosis ? embryo

Back 18

meiosis ? fertilization ? zygote ? embryo

Front 19

In humans, heterozygotes are referred to as ________, particularly when the recessive allele is associated with a genetic disease.

- vectors
- qualitative
- dizygotic
- carriers

Back 19

carriers

Front 20

The large variation in shoe size among humans is due to a trait that is

- dizygotic.
- quantitative.
- polygenic.
- qualitative.

Back 20

quantitative.

Front 21

Monozygotic (identical) twins are the result of

- two different sperm fertilizing two different eggs.
- one egg being fertilized by two different sperm.
- one embryo splitting to become two embryos.
- one sperm fertilizing two different eggs.

Back 21

one embryo splitting to become two embryos.