Biodiversity

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Biodiversity

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The number and variety of organisms in any given ecosystem

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Variation

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The differences in characteristics of organisms, can be caused by genetics and environmental features

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Ecosystem

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All of the organisms and nonliving components of an environment

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Community

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Different populations in a specific ecosystem, at the same time

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Population

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Number of the same species in an ecosystem at once

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Species

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A group of organisms that is capable of producing offspring

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Sexual Dimorphism

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The difference between males and females of the same species

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Speciation

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Species that evolved from a common ancestor

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Adaptation

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Trait that helps an organisms chance of survival

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Structural Adaptation

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A physical trait that helps an organism to survive

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Behavioural Adaptation

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A trait that is visible in the way an organism acts that increases chances of survival

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Niche

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Describes the role an organism fills within it's ecosystem

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Generalist

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An organism with a broad niche, that adapts to changes easily

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Specialist

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An organism that has a narrow niche, and is an expert in it's niche

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Symbiosis

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A close relationship between two different species

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Mutualism

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A type of symbiosis where both species benifit

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Commensalism

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A type of symbiotic relationship where one species benefits, and the other is not affected

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Parasitism

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A type of symbiosis where one species benefits, and the other is harmed

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Asexual Reproduction

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Reproduction involving only one parent, producing children with identical genetics

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Binary Fission

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Type of asexual reproduction, parent produces an exact copy of itself that splits off from the parent

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Spores

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Parent releases seed-like things that plant and grow into new plants, asexual

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Vegetative Growth

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Parent continuously grows through meristem cells, can regrow if damaged

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Budding

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Similar to binary fission, but on a larger scale

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Mitosis

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Cells split and produce identical cells to perform the same function, each new cell is identical to the parent

Does not recreate the entire organism, just specific cells

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Sexual Reproduction

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Two parents contribute gametes, which combine and eventually produce offspring

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Zygote

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A fertilized egg, the combination of two gametes

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Meiosis

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The formation of sex cells, each contains half the genetic material required for a full cell

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Hermaphrodite

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Has both male and female sex cells, can reproduce with itself in times of need

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Genes

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A section of a chromosome

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Genome

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The total genetic code for an organism

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Continuous variation

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A variation that comes in a spectrum, such as hair colour

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Discrete Variation

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Variation that has only a fixed number of outcomes

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Dominant

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Gene that will express, regardless of the genotype

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Recessive

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Gene that will only express if homozygous, weaker

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Co-dominance

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Genes that are on the same level, will express together

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Artificial Selection

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Humans choose to breed only creatures with a chosen trait, until that trait is very common

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Cloning

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Creating an exact copy of an animal, by copying DNA onto a blank egg

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Artificial Insemination

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Manually taking sperm from a male and inserting it directly into the female

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In Vitro Fertilization

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Manually joining a sperm and egg, generally when there is an issue with doing it naturally

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Genetic Engineering

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Manually changing the genetics of an organism

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Natural Selection

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Animals choose for themselves who is the fittest to mate with, without outside influence

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Bioindicator Species

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Species that can be look at to determine the health of an ecosystem

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Extinction

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When an entire species is wiped from the face of the earth

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Extirpation

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Extinction in a specific area

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Conservation

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Efforts that are made to slow down the extinction of a species

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Ex-situ

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Conservation outside of an organisms natural habitat, such as a zoo

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In-situ

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Conservation efforts made within a creatures habitat

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Eukaryotic

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Cells that store information in a nucleus, more advanced

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Prokaryotic

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Cells without a nucleus, bacteria

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DNA

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What life is made of, made up of A-T and G-C pairs