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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the outer circular areas of an atom called?
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electrons
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What type of bond is created when electrons are shared?
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covalent bond
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What happens to a water molecule due to its uneven distibution of electrons?
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positive at one end and negative at the other
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What is the function of an enzyme?
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-affect rate of chemical reaction
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2H202--> 2H2o+02
In the reaction above what does catalase function as? |
enzyme in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
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What is an example of a polysaccharide?
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starch
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If a specific carbohydrate molecule contains ten hydrogen atoms, that same molecule would most likely contain...
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five oxygen atoms
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In humans, excess glucose is stored at the polysaccharide known as:
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glycogen
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Lucifrin is a molecule that, when broken down in fireflies, produces heat and light. The rate at which luciferin is broken down in cells is controlled by a carbohydrate
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a carbohydrate
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A disaccharide combines with water to produce two monosaccharides in the process known as...
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dehydration synthesis
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Which chemical compound makes up the greatest percentage of a paramecium?
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water
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The process by which digestive enzymes catalyze the breakdown of large molecules to smaller molecules with the addition of water is known as...
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hydrolysis
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Starch molecules are hydrolyzed into smaller units known as...
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simple sugars
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In living organisms, lipids function mainly as...
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sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes
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Plants store carbohydrates in the form of...
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starch
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Vegetable oils, such as corn oil, belong to which general class of organic substances?
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lipids
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Which substances are produced by the hydrolysis of an oil?
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fatty acids and glycerol
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What are the end products of the hydrolysis of a polysaccharide?
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simple sugars
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An element found in all proteins but not found in carbohydrates is...
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nitrogen
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Lipase, maltase, and protease are members of a group of catalysts known as...
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enzymes
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The shape of the protein molecule is influenced by...
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the sequence of amino acids in it
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All enzymes are examples of organic molecules known as...
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proteins
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The bond that joins two amino acids together is known as...
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a peptide bond
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Which substance is most likely to be represented by the letter X in this sequence?
amino acid + amino acid -> dipeptide + X |
water
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Which organic molecule is correctly paired with an end product of its digestion?
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protein-amino acid
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If there were no nitrogen compounds in the soil, the most immediate effects on plants growing in that soil would be difficulty in synthesizing...
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proteins
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Which element is NOT one of the four most abundant elements in the human body?
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chlorine
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What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?
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covalent bonds share electrons, but ionic bonds give or take electrons
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Water is the "universal solvent" which means:
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it dissolves many things
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The best description of what the pH scale measures is:
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number of hydrogen ions
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What does inorganic mean?
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that it does not have carbon
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The key characteristics of the amino group is the presence of...
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nitrogen
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Why is carbon so important for life as we know it?
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it can bind to four other atoms
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How many times can Carbon bond to another atom of Carbon?
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2
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In order to build proteins in our body, our bodies need to get the building blocks from other proteins that are found in other living things. Through which process do we get the building blocks for proteins from plants?
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two molecules that have the same structure and different formulas
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Why is carbon so important to life as we know it?
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it can bind to four other atoms
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How many times can Carbon bond to another atom of Carbon?
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3
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In order to build proteins in our body, our bodies need the building blocks from other proteins that are found in other living things. Through which process do we get our building blocks from plants?
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hydrolysis
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Isomers are...
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two molecules that have different structures and the same formulas
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Which type of fat is least healthy for us to eat? Why?
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saturated fat, because it is solid and can clog arteries
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How are lipids different from carbohydrates and proteins?
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lipids are made from different kinds of monomers
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the chemical effect of enzymes...
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is decreasing activation energy
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Amino acids are called acids because...
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they have a carboxyl group
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Carbon has how many valence electrons?
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4
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Oxygen has how many valence electrons?
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6
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For each dehydration reaction of a monosaccharide, the carbohydrate loses...
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one hydrogen and two oxygen
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For which kind of reaction is water a reactant?
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polymerization
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The lock and key model informs us that...
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each enzyme matches with a specific substrate
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Polymerization is the process by which polymers are broken down to monomers.
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False
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Which of the following is not a function of proteins?
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influence the development of cells
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