Biochemistry Module 2

Front 1

Modern Cell Theory

Back 1

All living things are composed of cells

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Cells

Back 2

Are basic unit of structure and function in living things

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Energy

Back 3

Flows within a cell

Front 4

Hereditary Information (DNA)

Back 4

Passed on from cell to cell

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Archaea

Back 5

Refers to the microorganism that physically resembles the bacteria

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Archaea

Back 6

Regarded to be living fossils and survivors of an ancient grouo of organism that bridged the gap in evolution between eubacteria and eukaryotes

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Bacteria

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Makws uo of one domains of life

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Bacteria

Back 8

Often found in tissue od other organism, soils, or water surfaces

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Bacteria

Back 9

Term that has been associated with many negative functions in life such as human disease.

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Eukarya or Eukaryotic cells

Back 10

Cells that contain nucleaus and organelles enclosed by plasma membrane

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Protozoa

Fungi

Plants

Animals

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Organisms that have eukaryotic cells

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Carbohydrates

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Most abundant organic compound found in plant world

Front 13

Carbohydrates

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Act as storehouses of chemical energy

Front 14

Hydrates of carbon

Cn (H2O)m

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What does carbohydrates mean and its formula

Front 15

C6H12O6 or C6(H2O) 6

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Glucose formula

Front 16

Two glucose: C12H22O11 or C12(H2O) 11

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Sucrose

Front 17

Carbohydrates /carbs

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Are sugar molecules

Front 18

Carbohydrates

Protein

Fats

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Three main nutrients found in foods and drinks

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Glucose

Back 19

Body breaks down carbohydrates into what?

Front 20

Glucose (blood sugar)

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Is the main source of energy for your body cells, tissue and organs

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Liver and muscle

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Glucose is stored in?

Front 22

Sugar

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Called simple carbohydrates because they are the most basic form

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Starches

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Complex carbohydrates which are made of lots of simple sugar string together

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Fiber

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Complex carbohydrates that cannot be broken down by the body

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Stomach or intestinal problems such as constipation

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Fiber diet helps prevent what

Front 26

Monosaccharide

Oligosaccharide

Polysaccharide

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3 classification of carbohydrates

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CnH2n0n

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Monosaccharide formula

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Monosaccharide

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Which one of the carbonyl grouo of either and aldehyde or ketone

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3 to 9

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How many cabron atoms does a common monosaccharide have

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Aldoses

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Aldehyde monosaccharide

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Ketoses

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Ketone monosaccharide

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Glucose

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Found in fruits and veggies. Commonly found also in syrup, candy, honey, sports drink and dessert

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Fructose (fruit sugar)

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Primary source is fruit

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Galactose

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Main dietary source is lactose. Sugar in dairy products

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Colorless, crystalline solid

Soluble in water

Slightly soluble in ethanol and in soluble in non polar solvents

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Properties of Monosaccharide

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Diethylether

Dichloromethane

Benzene

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Non polar solvent

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Disaccharides

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Consist of two sugar molecules or two monosaccharide bonded together

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Glycosidic bond

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Joined monosaccharide to form disaccharide

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Sucrose (galactose+ fructose)

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Most often called table sugar.

Natural sweetener derived from sugar cane or beer.

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Lactose (glucose + galactose)

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Also known as milk sugar

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Maltose (glucose + glucose)

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Found in malt beverages

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Sucrose

Lactose

Maltose

Back 42

Three kinds of disaccharides

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Glycogenesis

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Process where your liver creates glycogen chain up to hundreds of thousands of glucose moleculelong connected through chemical bonds

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Oligosaccharide

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Is a saccharide polymers containing a small number (6-10) monosaccharide

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Oligosaccharide

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Have many functions including cell recognition and cell binding

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Glycolipids

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Oligosaccharide that has important role in immune response

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Polysaccharide

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A large number of molecule made of many smaller monosaccharide

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Polysaccharide

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A large number of molecule made of many smaller monosaccharide

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Glycans

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Other called ofor polysaccharide

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Homopolysaccharide

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Polysaccharide where all monosaccharide are the same

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Heteropolysaccharide

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Polysaccharide in which monosaccharide varies

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Linear polysaccharide

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A molecule with a straight vhain of Monosaccharide

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Branched polysaccharide

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Chain of Monosaccharide that has arms

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Strach

Glycogen

Cellulose

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3 polysaccharide

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Starch

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Used for energy storage in plants.

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Amylose

Amylopectin

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Two principal polysaccharide of starch

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Glycogen

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Acts as energy reserve carbohydrates for animals

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350 gramd

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Total amount if glycogen in human body

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Cellulose

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Most widely distributed plant skeletal polysaccharide, constitute almost half of the cell wall material of wood

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Cottom

Back 60

Pure cellulose