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4 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe how nutrients from food are used by the body. |
Intermediary metabolism: the enzyme-catalyzed processes in the body that metabolize macronutrients. These are oxidized for generating ATP, or producing building blocks for cell growth or repair. |
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Identify the sources of nutrition in the fed and fasted states. |
Fed Metabolism: Nutrients coming from an outside source (food). Directions come from insulin levels in the blood.
Fasting Metabolism: Nutrients coming from endogenous stores (liver and adipose). Controlled by counter regulatory hormones (counter actions of insulin). Tell internal organs to increase blood glucose levels. Glucagon--Epi--NE--Cortisol--HGH |
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Distinguish anabolic from catabolic metabolic pathways. |
Catabolic: energy rich oxidized to energy poor end products (breakdown). Innermitochodrial membrane = very selective. Flux through Krebs and ETC. Gluc to Pyruvate produce ATP. Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA then into Krebs.
Anabolic: synthesis of complex molecules (build lipids, polysaccharides, proteins). Products of Krebs: citrate, FA, Cholesterol, amino acids. Makes new membranes, organelles, new proteins and enzymes, substrates for modification after translation. |
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Correlate tissue function with ATP demands for that tissue. |
Liver: highest ATP demand, followed by muscle, brain, heart, kidneys. Kidneys and brain prefer glucose. Liver, heart, muscle use glucose or fat depending on fed or fasted state. When to switch substrate? Change insulin levels and nutrient transporters. Glut 4: insulin responding, facilitative GLUC transporter (protein), only on surface during feeding (high insulin). Insulin binds to surface, GLUT 4 opens, glucose flows in. |
