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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Acid/Base Equation
What happens if you add a strong base? |
HA<->H+ + A-
system will move right - more H+ will form so it can react with the OH |
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Buffers
H&H Equation |
Regulate pH inside and outside cells. solution of weak acid and its conjugate base
pH= pka +log [CB/HA] |
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pka represents pH at which a weak acid is ____ dissociated
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50 percent
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what are 2 system constraints of weak acid buffer systems?
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1. weak acids only buffer at pH near their pKa.
2. Buffering depends on the concentration of the weak acid and its CB. The more weak acid present the more it can neutralize by dissociation of the acid. The more CB present, the more H+ can be neutralized. |
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What is the intracellular buffer? What is the blood buffer system?
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1. organic phosphate buffer system
2. Bicarbonate/CO2 buffer system |
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what is the barcarb/CO2 buffer system reaction?
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CO2(gas)↔CO2(dissolved)+H20↔H2CO3↔H+HCO3-
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HH equation for CO2/Bicarb buffer system
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pH=6.10+log [HCO3-]/[CO2] dissolved
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Why is the bicarb buffer system considered an open system?
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body responds to changes in CO2 and HC03. While the pka is 6.10 and the pH is 7.4 in the body, the bicarb buffer is still effective because of the RATIO of HCO3 to CO2, which determines the pH. pH=pka+log[CB/HA]
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Lungs control ______ & kidneys control _________
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1. CO2
HCO3 (bicarbonate) |
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Acidemia
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blood pH lower than 7.35
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Respiratory Acidosis
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1. Acidosis due to increased PCO2
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Respiratory Acidosis imbalances and compensation
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decreased lung function, too much CO2, so don't breath hard enough. Kidneys compensate by increasing HCO3-
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Respiratory acidosis causes
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asthma, bronchitis, obesity, sedatives/anesthesia (too much CO2 so don't breath hard enough)
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Metabolic Acidosis definition
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acidosis due to decrease in HCO3 (increased H concentration)
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Metabolic Acidosis Causes
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Renal failure, methanol poisoning, diabetic ketoacidosis
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Metabolic Acidosis Compensation
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HCO3 goes down, then PCO2 will go down (rapid breathing/blowing off CO2)
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Alkalemia
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blood pH greater than 7.45
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Alkalosis
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process tending to raise pH
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Respiratory Alkalosis
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Alkalosis due to decreased PCO2 - hyperventalation (reduction of extracellular PCO2)
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Respiratory Alkalosis Causes
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Anxiety, pain, high altitude, mechanical hyperventilation (breath harder)
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Respiratory alkalosis compensations
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PCO2 decreases - thus the kidney tries to decrease HCO3- through urine excretion
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Metabolic Alkalosis definition
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alkalosis due to increased HCO3 (hypoventalation occurs to increase the PCO2).
Lungs slow breathing to increase PCO2. Can occur due to overdose of antacids - they take way all the H+ |
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Metabolic Alkalosis Causes
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too many antacids, acute alkali adminstration, vometing, gastric aspirations, diuretics
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Mixed acid-base disorders
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pt presents with lung disease (respiratory acidosis) and on diuretics (metabolic alkalosis) and may present with normal pH.
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