Biochemistry

Front 1

Musty Odor

Back 1

PKU

Front 2

Dark Urine when standing

Back 2

Alkaptonuria

Front 3

intense muscle cramps, pain after excercise

Back 3

McArdle's (Typle IV glycogen storage Dx-- muscle, can't break glycogen down)

Front 4

mineral oil and fat soluable vitamins

Back 4

mineral oil can cause fat abs syndromes

Front 5

Vitamin B1

Back 5

Thiamine (TPP)

Front 6

Vitamin B2

Back 6

Riboflavin (FAD)

Front 7

Vitamin B3

Back 7

Niacin (NAD)

Front 8

Vitamin B5

Back 8

Pantothenate (CoA)

Front 9

Vitamin B6

Back 9

Pyridoxine (PP)

Front 10

Vitamin B1 and the HMP Shunt

Back 10

Vitamin B1 is a cofactor for oxidative decarboxylations of alpha-KG's; cofactor for HMP shunt

Front 11

Dry Beri Beri and Wet Beri Beri

Back 11

From B1 (thiamine) deficiency

Dry: polyneuritis, muscle wasting
Wet: High Output Failure (heart), edema

Front 12

Vitamin B2 deficiency (Sx)

Back 12

2 C's: Cheilosis and Corneal Vascularization

Front 13

Hartnup Dx

Back 13

Decreased tryptophan absorption; NAD from tryptonphan

Front 14

Sx of Pellegra

Back 14

3 D's: Diarrhea, Dementia, Dermatitis

Front 15

Vit B5 Deficiency

Back 15

B5 ->CoA

Dermatitis, enteritiis, Alopecia, adrenal insufficiency

Front 16

3 Fxns of Pyridoxine

Back 16

Heme Synthesis, transamination, decarboxylation

Front 17

Source of Vit B12

Back 17

only found in animal products

Front 18

Storage of B12

Back 18

stored in the liver
malabs test = schilling test

Front 19

Source of Folate

Back 19

Folate from Foilage; green leafy

Front 20

Relation between Folic Acid and PABA

Back 20

PABA is precursor of Folic Acid

PABA derivatives are used in Pharm (since bact use this)-- sulfa drugs

Front 21

Biotin Deficiency

Back 21

Caused by antibiotics and Raw Eggs (have avidin)

Sx = dermatitis and enteritis

Front 22

Fxn of Biotin

Back 22

Carboxylation Rxns

Front 23

3 fxns of vit C

Back 23

1) Crosslinking Collagen (Hydroxylation of proline and lysine)
2) Fe2+ absorption- keeps Fe in 2+ redox state
3) cofactor for Dopamine -> NE

Front 24

Vit D2 and D3

Back 24

D2 -> Ergo -> abs in milk
D3 made from sunlight exposure

Front 25

Dx associated with excess vit Dx (active)

Back 25

Sarcoidosis (Mphages make 1-hydroxy enzyme)

Front 26

Cell associated with Vit E

Back 26

Vit E is for Erythrocytes

Front 27

Vit K and antibiotics

Back 27

Antibiotics can cause deficiency b/c bacteria syn vit K

Front 28

Sx of Zinc deficiency

Back 28

delayed wound healing, hypogonadism, decreased adult Hair

Front 29

Histones in nucleosome

Back 29

ALL but H1
nucleosome -> 30 nM fiber

Front 30

Stuctural feature of thymine (NT)

Back 30

Thymine has methyl

Front 31

3 AA's used for purine synthesis

Back 31

GAG: Glycine, Aspartate, Glutamine

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Nonsense Mutation

Missense Mutation

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stop codon

Missense -> change in AA

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Orgins of replication in Euk

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Euk -> many, Prok's -> one

Front 34

DNA pol I and Pol III

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Pol III -> replication (5' -> 3')
Pol I -> degrades primer, fills gaps

Front 35

HNPCC defect

Back 35

defect in mismatch repair - newly synthesized unmethylated DNA checked for mismatches

Front 36

Xeroderma Pigmitosum defect

Back 36

nucleotide excision repair (from UV damage)

Front 37

5' and 3' ends

Back 37

5' -> 3 phosphates
3' -> OH

Front 38

RNA pol I, II, and III

Back 38

Pol I ->rRNA
Pol II -> mRNA
Pol III -> tRNA

Front 39

alpha-amantin

Back 39

inhibits RNA pol II (Found in Death Cap Mushrooms)

Front 40

start codon

Back 40

UAG (met in Euks, fmet in prok)

Front 41

Stop codons

Back 41

UGG
UAA
UAG

Front 42

operator

Back 42

site where negative regulators bind

Front 43

3 steps to splicing

Back 43

1) snRNP's recog transcript
2) partial lariat made (exon1 free)
3) exon1 and 2 combined, lariat released

Front 44

hnRNA vs mRNA

Back 44

hnRNA =heterologous = No processing
mRNA- has 3 steps of processing completed (5' cap, 3' tail, splicing)

Front 45

aminoacyl tRNA synthease

Back 45

used to charge tRNA's with AA (uses 1 ATP)... where specificity occurs

Front 46

3 post-translational modifications

Back 46

phos, hydroxylation, glycosylation

Front 47

Stable Vs Labile Cells

Back 47

Stable: will go from Go to G1 with signal

Labile: never go to Go, always dividing from stem cells (instestinal, etc.)

Front 48

shorted phase of cell cycle

Back 48

M

Front 49

SER Fxn

Back 49

SER -> steroid Synthesis; found high in adrenal cortex and liver

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N and O linked glycosyltion sites

Back 50

N -> ER
O -> gOlgi

Front 51

course facial features, clouded cornea, resistant joint movements

Back 51

I cell Dx: mannose-6-P deficiency leads to traffiking to oustide of cell instead of lysosome

Front 52

Cop I, II and Clatherin Fxns

Back 52

Cop I -> retrograde
Cop II -> anterograde (ER to golgi)
clatherin -> Golgi to PM

Front 53

ON what AA's does sulfation occur?

Back 53

Tyrosine

Front 54

Chediak-Higashi

Back 54

defect in microtubule polymerization... decreased phagocytosis

Front 55

dynein vs. kinesin

Back 55

dynein -> retrograde transport (ass w/ Kartenergers)
kinesin -> anterograde

Front 56

% of Plasma membrane that is cholesterol? effect of increasing chol content on melting temp?

Back 56

50%; increasing chol -> increasing melting temp

Front 57

Locations of phosphatidylcholine

Back 57

RBC, surfactant, myelin, bile