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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Amylase breaks which bonds between sugars?
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alpha 1-4 between glucose monomers
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Sucrose is broken into ...
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glucose and fructose
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Lastose is broken into ...
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glucose and galactose
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Amylase cleaves starches into ...
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dextrins, maltose, isomaltose
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Trehalase cleaves which sugar bonds?
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a 1-1 bonds
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Which enzyme cleaves the 1-6 bond found in dextrins?
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Sucrase-isomaltase complex
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The sucrase-maltase catalytic site cleaves what sugars?
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sucrose, maltose, maltotriose
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The isomaltase-maltase catalytic site cleaves what sugars?
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maltose, dextrins
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Digestion of carbs by pancreatic amylase is highest in which part of the small intestine?
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duodenum
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Digestion of carbs by sucrase-isomaltase is highest in which part of the small intestine?
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jejunum
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Digestion of carbs by Glycosidase is highest in which part of the small intestine?
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jejunum
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Digestion of carbs by gluco-amylase is highest in which part of the small intestine?
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ileum; increasing concentration further down the small intestine
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2 catalytic sites of the glycosidase complex
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glucose-ceramide and lactase
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2 ways to become lactose intolerant
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lactase deficiency or small intestine damage (jejunum)
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3 insoluble fiber categories
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cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin
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Why does lactose intolerance lead to diarrhea for the patients who still drink milk?
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lactose cannot be absorbed unless it is broken into glucose/galactose, so lactose stays in the lumen = osmotic diarrhea
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Food with a high glycemic index tell us what?
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that food will lead to a quick increase in glucose levels
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How is glucose absorbed into intestinal epithelium?
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Na co-transport (secondary active transport) or GLUT channel (facilitative diffusion)
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Diabetic patients would want to eat food with a (low or high) glycemic index?
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low glycemic index = slower to affect blood glucose levels
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How does fructose enter intestinal epithelium?
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through GLUT channels
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How does galactose enter intestinal epithelium?
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via Na/Glucose co-transport protein
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Which GLUT protein is a fructose transporter?
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GLUT 5
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Which GLUT protein is found in RBCs?
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GLUT 1
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Which GLUT protein is sensitive to insulin?
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GLUT 4
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Which GLUT protein is found in liver and pancreas?
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GLUT 2
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Which GLUT protein is found in the CNS?
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GLUT 3
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Which GLUT protein is found in the blood-brain barrier?
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GLUT 1
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Why is it hard for glucose to diffuse into cells through the blood brain barrier?
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tight junctions, no pinocytosis, in intracellular space, continuous basement membrane. GLUT 1 transporters are the only way to get in
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