Biochemical Tests For Entero Bacteria

Front 1

Hektoen enteric (HE) agar

Back 1

differential, selective for Salmonella and Shigella
Green in color, contains: lactose,sucrose, and salicin h2s system present

Front 2

Salmonella and Shigella colonies on Hektoen enteric agar

Back 2

Salmonella--blue-green with black centers
Shigella--green, same color as media

Front 3

What is Hektoen enteric agar used to ID what bacteria

Back 3

Salmonella and Shigella,
Proteus can be distunguished from Salmonella

Front 4

Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar

Back 4

differential selective media, neutral red--pH indicator,
h2s detection system
used to isolate Salmonella and Shigella. Not recommended for primary isolation of Shigella

Front 5

Salmonella-Shigell(SS) agar
colonies--
Lactose Fermenters

Back 5

Red or pink
E.coli, Kelebsiella and enterobacter spp.

Front 6

Salmonella-Shegella (SS) agar
colonies--
Lactose non-fermenters

Back 6

clear--Shigella
Clear w/black centers--Salmonella and Proteus

Front 7

General characteristics for Enterobacteriacae

Back 7

GNR, non-spore forming, facultative anaerobes, Cocobacilli or straight rods,all ferment glucose, oxidase neg, reduce nitrate, NF of GI tract(except Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia), motile(except Yersinia, Shigella, Klebsiella), all colonies look same on SBA and Choc

Front 8

2 Catagories of Pathogens
(Based on infection they produce)

Back 8

1)Opportunistic - NF in GI;commensal
Casue serious infection else where in body. EX: UTI,
Septicemia, wound infection
2)Primary(true path)- Not NF in GI--Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia--ingested in food and water

Front 9

Classification of Entero bacteria

Back 9

Edwards and Ewing's Identification (1963)
Tribes
Genus
Species-grouped by biochemical similarties

Front 10

Virulence factor of Entero bacteria

Back 10

1)Ablility to colonize in yoiur body
2)Adherence(especially in mucos membranes
3)Tosin producers-endo and exotoxins
4)Ability to invade tissue
5)Use plasmids for antibotic resistance

Front 11

Antigens for Id of entero bacteria
(Salmonella, Shigella, E coli 0157)

Back 11

1) o ag- somatic- heat-stable, in cell wall(sub wall)
2)H ag- flagellar- heat labile- in flagellum
3) K ag - capsular - heat labile- polysaccrides in some encapsulated species

Front 12

Media used to ID Entero bacteria

Back 12

MacConkey
Hektoen enteric (HE)
Xylose-lysine desoycholate (XLD)
Fermentation: ID by color change

Front 13

Primary, Intestinal (True) Pathogens do not ferment what sugars

Back 13

lactose, xylose, sucrose

Front 14

True Pathogens (entero) appearance on media

Back 14

MAC- clear or color of media(pink
HE- clear or green(color of media)
XLD- Clear or red(color of media
H2S production- Salmonella will have colonies with black centers

Front 15

Opportuntistic Pathogen
E. Coli

Back 15

Most significant: most common
Primary marker- fecal contamination of water sources
UTI-most common inf., septicemia, wound, meningitis in neonates

Front 16

E.coli appearance on media

Back 16

MAC- lactose pos, pink colony(smells fruity)
EMB- green, metallic sheen (smells metalic)

Front 17

E.coli Virulence factors

Back 17

adhesive fimbriae
sex pili- adhesive factor
Ag: H,K, and O
Motile: most

Front 18

Biochemical Characteristics of E.coli

Back 18

Fermentation: glucose, lactose
Neg for H2S
TSI: A/A, H2S neg; Citrate:neg; Indole:pos; Lysine:pos(decarboxylate); DNase:neg; urease:neg; PAD(PDA):neg
IMVC= ++--

Front 19

Diseases caused by E.coli

Back 19

1)Uropathogenic- UTI, #1 cause
2)Gasrointestinal- 5 catagories
3) Extraintestinal- a) neonatal septicemia and meningitis; colized vaginal canal or contaminated amniotic fluid, (E.Coli K1)
b) Adult septicemia (from UTI or bowel infection)

Front 20

5 catagories of Gastrointestinal Pathoges of E.coli

Back 20

1) ETEC- Enterotoxigenic--traveler's diarrhea
2)EIEC- Enteroinvasive--dysentry
3)EPEC- Enteropathogenic--infantile diarrhea
4)EHEC (E.coli 0157:H7)- Enterohemorrhagic
5)Enteroadherent E.coli--UTI and diarrhea

Front 21

ETEC Enterotoxigenic
E.coli

Back 21

Diarrhea- infants/adults-tropical areas
most common cause-Traveler's diarrhea;
Infective dose-10 6-10 8;toxins-fimbriae--small intestine microvilli--release LT & ST causes hyperscertion of electrolytes--1-5 days

Front 22

EIEC-Enteroinvasive E.coli

Back 22

Dysentery with direct penetration, invasion,destructin of intestinal mucosa; person to person transmission;stools-scanty,watery, pus mucus, blood--misID as Shigella-higer infective dose needed *lysine-neg(80% E.coli pos)

Front 23

EPEC-enteropathogenic E.coli

Back 23

infantile diarrhea--daycare--suspect in cases in >lyr old. stool-a lot of mucus, no blood

Front 24

EHEC-Enterohemorrhagic
E.coli 0157:H7

Back 24

Discovered in 1982;Sx. HUS-hemolytic-uremic syndrom--low platelet ct, anemia, kidney failure; can be fatal young children and elderly; Stool-watery, progressing to bloody, NO PUS; cause processed meats,apple cider, bean sprouts, unpas. dairy;
2 cytotoxins--verotoxin I & II

Front 25

EHEC Identification

Back 25

1)MAC containing sorbitol(not lactose)-E.coli 0157:H7--colorless (other E.coli pink)
2)MUG assay--B-glucuronidase--produce fluorescent product--neg (other coli pos)
3) Sorbitol neg colonies sub culture for SEROTYPING (O ag)

Front 26

Enteroadherent EC

Back 26

adhere to mucose of intestine
UTI and diarrhea
Two Strains--EaaggEc-enteroaggregative; DAEC-diffusely adherent; mostly children; can last 2 weeks, dehydration Sx; Stool--watery, no blood

Front 27

E. hermannii

Back 27

yellow pigment
found in csf, wounds, blood
lysine-neg

Front 28

E. vulneris

Back 28

newest species
yellow pigment
infected wounds
indole-neg

Front 29

Klebsielleae tribe
5 genus

Back 29

Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Hafnia
Serratia
Pantoea

Front 30

Klebsiella ID

Back 30

non motile
UTI,pneumonia(noscomial),wounds,sepsis
MAC-large pink,drippy colonies
TSI: A/A, H2S neg
MR-neg, VP-pos, indole-neg
motile variable

Front 31

K. pneumoniae
IMVC
and other biochemical tests

Back 31

IMVC= --++
Urea-pos
Lysine-pos
resist phago and antimicrobial absorption

Front 32

K. oxytoca
IMVC
and other biochemical tests

Back 32

IMVC= +-++
urea-pos
lysine-pos
indole-POS

Front 33

K. pneumoniae sub. OZAENAE
IMVC
and other biochemical tests

Back 33

IMVC= -+--
lysine-neg
orn-neg
arg-neg
Sx- nasal secrection & cerebral abscesses

Front 34

K. pneuomonia sub RHINOSCLEROMATIS
IMVC
and other biochemical tests

Back 34

IMVC= -+--
lys-neg
orn-neg
arg-neg
Sx--rhinoscleroma, inf. nasal cavity; swelling and maform neck and face (africa and s. america)

Front 35

Enterobacter (12 spp) & Pantoea ID

Back 35

MAC- looks like Kleb but motlity
TSI: A/A, H2s neg
Inf. E. cloacae, E. aerogenes:
2 most common isolates, wounds, UTI, blood, CSF

Front 36

E. colacae
IMVC
and biochemical tests

Back 36

IMVC= --++
arg-pos
orn-pos
urea-pos

Front 37

E. aerogenes
IMVC
and biochemical tests

Back 37

IMVC= --++
lys-pos
orn-pos

Front 38

P. agglomerans
IMVC
and biochemical tests

Back 38

IMVC= -v+v
arg-neg
orn-neg
lys-neg
*triple decarboxylase negative
*get from IV fluids- famous for septicemia
yellow pigment

Front 39

Serratia ID

Back 39

Opportunistic pathogen-nosocomial inf.
MAC- clear, delayed lactose fermentor
ONPG-pos-slow lactose ferm.
Lys-pos
Orn-pos
resistant to wide range antibiotics: test all isolates

Front 40

S. marcescens
IMVC
and biochemical tests

Back 40

IMVC= --++
red pigment colonies
nosocomial inf of resp & UTI

Front 41

S. odorifera
IMVC
and biochemical tests

Back 41

IMVC= v+v+
dirty, musty oror, like rotten potatoes

Front 42

S. liquefaciens
IMVC

Back 42

IMVC= -+++

Front 43

Hafnia ID
2 subspecies
H. alvei & H. alvei biotype 1

Back 43

Biotype 1- in breweries; not clinically sig
stool culture:
MAC-clear;delayed lactose fer.
TSI: K/A,H2S neg-like Shigella
ONPG-pos
VP-pos, like Shigella
*delayed pos for citrate test

Front 44

Citrate agar

Back 44

blue color is pos
citrate is the only carbon in agar
growth will cause an alkaline pH

Front 45

phenylalanine-deaminase
(PAD) test

Back 45

phenylalanine---(PAD)
--->phenylpyruvic acid + FeCl3 (ferric chloride)---> green color = pos

*read w/i 10 minutes

Front 46

Why use the PAD test?

Back 46

Differentiates Proteus, Morganella, and Providencia (all pos),
from other Enterobac
(rest neg)

Front 47

Motility Test

Back 47

detects motility of MOs by ablility to spread in tube.
pos=hazy appearance throught medium= flagella on MO
2 tubes one at RT and 35 deg C
Medium: conc. 0.4% or less
or wet prep with broth

Front 48

Decarboxylase test
(Moeller decarboxylase base medium)

Back 48

detects decarboxylase, which produces amines/diamine, CO2
pH-acid
anaerobic rxn, overlay w/oil
amino acids: lysine, ornithine (sometimes arginine)

Front 49

Decarboxylase reaction
2 steps

Back 49

1)glucose ferm.-
acid pH (yellow color)
2)enzyme production and aa decarboxylation-
alk pH (purple color)
incubate for up to 4 days
pos=purple; neg=yellow
control tube=yellow or invalid

Front 50

lysine decarboxylation produces what?

Back 50

cadaverine + CO2

Front 51

Ornithine decarboxylation produces what?

Back 51

putrescine

Front 52

Lysine Iron Agar (LIA) media and
3 reactions determined

Back 52

media=purple; lysine, glucose, soldium thiosulfate, ferric ammonium citrate,
pH id= bromcresol purple
1) decarboxylation of lysine
2) deamination of lysine
3)H2S production
*read after 18 hours

Front 53

LIA rxn
Decarboxylation

Back 53

anaerobic
anaerobic
pos= yellow back to dark purple butt, K/K
(neg=yellow butt,K/A)
+/- H2S(black butt)-may hide decarboxylation

Front 54

LIA rxn
Deamination

Back 54

aerorbic
pos= purple SLANT changes to reddish purple R/A
neg-K/A

Front 55

Why is LIA test used?

Back 55

Screen stools for enteric pathogens--
Salmonella= K/K,H2S
Citrobacter= K/A, H2S
& Differentiating Proteus, Morganella and Providencia sp. from other Entero bact.

Front 56

LIA result of K/K would indicate what Entero bact.?
K/K,H2S pos?

Back 56

E. coli
Kelebsiella
Serratia
H2S pos=Salmonella

Front 57

LIA result of R/A would indicate what Entero bact.?

Back 57

Proteus
Providencia
Morganella

Front 58

LIA result of K/A would indcate what Entero bact.?
K/A, H2S pos

Back 58

Shigella
E. cloacae

H2S pos+ som Citrobacter spp.

Front 59

H2S postive Entero bacteria?

Back 59

Salmonella
Cirtobacter
Edwardsiella
Proteus

Front 60

Gas producing Entero bacteria?

Back 60

Morganella
Y. enterocolitica
Citrobacter (some spp)
Proteus (some spp)
Klebsiella (some spp)

Front 61

Nitrate Reduction test
reagents?

Back 61

Media--Nutrient broth w/ KNO3
Nitrite
sulfanilic acid
NNDN (N,N-Dimethyl- 1napthyllamine
zinc dust
durham tube

Front 62

Determining results for Nitrate test

Back 62

1)red color after acid + NNDN
= pos for nitrites
2)clear after acid + NNDN
= unknown, pos neg:
add zinc dust
3)red color w/ zinc dust
= true neg for nitrite
*no color change
= pos for nitrate= pos for nitrate reduction

Front 63

Oxidase Fermentation Media
(two tube system, aerobic and anaerobic)

Back 63

Media-O/F basal media(OFBM)
Hugh-Leifson media-green color
pH ID-bromthyinol blue
1% carbohydrates;0.2% peptones
Acid=yellow;
alkaline=blue-purple

Front 64

Oxidase Fermentation Media results

Back 64

*2 yellow tubes= oxidizer,fermenter
*yellow in closed tube only
= ferm. only
*yellow in open tube only
=oxidative only
*neither tube changes color
=asaccharolytic

Front 65

Why use Fermentation (Hugh-Leifson) media?

Back 65

To seperate enterobacteria from non fermentors

Front 66

Oxidase test reagents?

Back 66

Kovac's (reagent
(tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride)

Front 67

Why use the oxidase test?

Back 67

to differentiate enterobacteriaceae-oxidase-neg
from
pseudomonads-oxidase pos
ID of Neisseria-oxidase pos
*inoculating loop can give false pos,use non-nichromed
Pos= lavender color
in 10-15 seconds
10-15 secon

Front 68

Indole test reagents

Back 68

trytophanase
PDAB (1% paradimethylaminobenzaldehyde)Ehrlich's or Kovac's reagent

Front 69

What does the oxidase test detect?

Back 69

cytochrome oxidase system

Front 70

What reagent is used in the Ehrlich's indole test to extract the indole?

Back 70

xylene
add PDAB and red color= pos

Front 71

When would use the Ehrlich's test over Kovac's indole test?

Back 71

When testing nonfermentative bacteria.
Ehrlich's is more sensitive

Front 72

Enterobacteriacae
General ID

Back 72

MAC-pos
Oxidase-neg
nitrite-pos
glucose ferm.-pos
GNR
BAP-wet,gray,round colonies, maybe b-hemolytic and spready
Choc-all gray
MAC flat-raised, wet-dry, round-irregular

Front 73

ID of lactose fermentation by Entero bacteria.
3 tests

Back 73

1)MAC media
2)TSI or KIA
3)ONPG

Front 74

What do slow lactose fermenters lack?

Back 74

B-glactoside permease

Front 75

What are the two enzyme used in lactose fermentation

Back 75

b-glactosidase
b-glactoside permease

Front 76

TSI- Triple Sugar Iron Agar used to determine?

Back 76

organisms ablility to:
ferment glucose
ferment lactose or sucrose
produce H2S
produce gas
read in 18-24 hours

Front 77

What are the ingredients in TSI agar?

Back 77

1 part glucose
10 parts lactose
10 parts sucrose
peptone
ph ID- phenol red

Front 78

TSI results

Back 78

all yellow tube A/A = Glucose and lactose fermenters
red and yellow, K/A = Glucose ferm. lactose non ferm.
all red tube K/K = non glucose and lactose ferm
black in tube = H2S pos
Cracks in media = gas

Front 79

ONPG test used to determine?

Back 79

Id true non-fermenters for late/slow lactose fermenters, which have B-galactosidase, but no permease

Front 80

What are the ingredients in ONPG test?

Back 80

O-Nitrophenyl-BlD-Glactopyranoside (colorless)
and saline in tube
incubate 4 hours at 36 deg C

Front 81

What is the end product if ONPG test is positive?

Back 81

orthonitrophenol
which is yellow

Front 82

Glucose Fermentation
what are the two pathways?

Back 82

Mixed Acid Fermentation Pathway--acidic
Butylene Glycol Pathway--neutral pH

Front 83

What are the two test use to id glucose fermentation pathway?

Back 83

Methyl Red test (MR)
Voges-Proskauer (VP)

Front 84

What is the Embden-Meyerfoh pathway

Back 84

fermentation of lactose to glactose + glucose, then to pyruvic acid intermediate
*all MOs use this pathway to this point

Front 85

Metyl Red test (MR) uses what pathway, end product and what is a positive result

Back 85

Mixed acid Fermentation Pathway
Pyruvic acid + methyl red
red color = pos, yellow = neg

Front 86

Voges-Proskauer test(VP) uses what pathway, end product and what is the positive result.

Back 86

Butylene Glycol Pathway
acetoin-->2,3 butanediol
reagent add change end product to diacetyl
red color = pos, yellow = neg

Front 87

What are the ingredients used in a VP test?

Back 87

a-Naphthol
KOH or NaOH
allow ten minutes for rxn

Front 88

What are the ingredients for MR test?

Back 88

Clark and Lub medium
methyl red

results are immediate for pos =red color

Front 89

What ingredients in Citrate Utilization test?

Back 89

Na Citrate
(simmon's media-green color)
NH4
bromthymol blue (indicator)

Front 90

What is a positive result for citrate test?

Back 90

blue color = pos, cause by release of NH3 (which is alk)
neg = no color change-
green (color of media)
false positive can happen if to heavy innoculum
read for up to 7 days

Front 91

What is a positive Urease test?

Back 91

bright pink color = pos
neg = yellow color
read test after 24 hours

Front 92

What is the end product of Urease rxn?

Back 92

ammonia(NH3)+H2O=CO2
alkaline

Front 93

What ingredients are need to run a Urease test?

Back 93

Christensen's urea agar
phenol red (indicator)

Front 94

Proteus, Morganella and Providencia are the same for what tests?

Back 94

PDA(PAD,PD)-pos
lactose-neg

Front 95

Proteus, Morganella and Providencia are the only Enterobacter postive for what test?

Back 95

PAD

Front 96

What MOs are in the Proteeae tribe?

Back 96

Opportuntistic pathogens:
Proteus
Morganella
Providencia

Front 97

General ID of Proteus

Back 97

swarming colonies
burned chocolate odor
MAC-clear colonies
ONPG-neg
True non-fermenter (doesn't count glucose)
H2S positive
Urea-pos

Front 98

Proteus
2 pathogens?

Back 98

P. mirabilis
P. vulgaris

Front 99

P.mirabilis IMVC
and other biochemical tests

Back 99

IMVC= -+vv
indole-neg
orn-pos
TSI: K/A, H2S pos,same for KIA

Front 100

P.vulgaris IMVC
and other biochemical tests

Back 100

IMVC= ++--
indole-pos
orn-neg
TSI: A/A, H2S pos
*special because
ferments SUCROSE
KIA: K/A, H2S pos

Front 101

Morganella morganii (only sp)
IMVC and other IDing factors.

Back 101

IMVC= ++--
no swarming colonies
inf.= UTI, wounds
MAC-clear colonies
urea-pos
ODC-pos
ONPG-neg
TSI:K/A

Front 102

Providencia (4 species)
IMVC and other IDing factors.

Back 102

IMVC= ++-+
urea-pos
ONPG-neg
MAC- clear colonies
TSI: K/A
inf. UTI, nosocomial

Front 103

P.stuartii and P. rettgeri

Back 103

p.stuartii-nosocomial in burn units
p. rettgeri- urinary pathogen
*both resistant

Front 104

Edwardsielleae Tribe
Edwardsiella

Back 104

E.trada-only human pathogen
opportuntist

Erwinia and Pectobacterium-plant pathogens, not clinically significant

Front 105

Citrobacteriaceae Tribe
Citrobacter
General ID

Back 105

Inf.- nosocomial; in stool
MAC-clear or pink
*easily confused with Salmonella
50% are lactose-neg (like Salmonella)
Most H2S-pos
most urease-pos
most lysine-neg
(salmonella urease-neg,lys-pos)
TSI: K/A & A/A, H2S pos

Front 106

C. freundii IMVC and biochemical tests.

Back 106

IMVC= -+-+
H2S-po
arg-pos
MAC-clear colonies

nosocomial UTI, pneumonia, intra-abdominal abscesses

Front 107

C. diversus (koseri) IMVC and biochemical tests.

Back 107

IMVC= ++-+
arg-pos
orn-pos
MaC-clear colonies

neonatal meningitis

Front 108

Primary Intestinal Pathogens

Back 108

Salmonella and Shigella

Front 109

Salmonella Identification factors.

Back 109

IMVC= -+-+
GNR
MAC-clear colonies
HE-clear, green, H2S pos
XLD-clear,red, H2S pos
TSI: K/A, H2S pos
lysine-pos urea-neg
PAD-neg
mortile-pos
lactose, sucrose & xylose-neg
NF in animal GI tract- pet turtles, snakes, fish, rodents and birds.
Human can be carriers for 3 months after syptoms

Front 110

What are the positive test for Salmonella?

Back 110

H2S-pos
lysine-pos
motility-pos

Front 111

Disease caused by Salmonella.
S. enterica, with subspecies

Back 111

Typhi, Parathphi, Cholerasuis
Biochemically inert

Front 112

Virulence factors of Salmonella.

Back 112

O somatic-heat stable
Lps, outer cell wall
may be multiple, id with #s
H flageller- heat labile
Occur in small # serotype
Determines immuno.IDserotype
Vi-capsular, heat labile
Impt. in ID of S.Thphi, Cholerasuis
Prevents phagocytosis
Blocks typing of O antigen

Front 113

Acute Gastroenteritis by Salmonella.

Back 113

food poisoning
most common cause,vomiting & diarrhea
Cause-cont.food, handling pets, direct transmission
infective dose: 10 6 bacteria

Front 114

Symptoms of acute gastroenteritis-food poisoning

Back 114

vomiting, diarrhea, chills, fever, abdominal pain, watery diarrhea
tx: non, self-limiting--
antimicrobials may cause carriers

Front 115

Typhoid Fever caused by?

Back 115

S.serotype Typhi
Febrile disease
fecal oral route, contam.food, food handlers carriers--typhoid mary(carried in gall bladder).
tropical traveler disease
RARE in US

Front 116

Symptoms of Typhoid fever?

Back 116

prolonged fever 9-14 days
bacteremia,lethargy, headache
involvement w/ spleen, liver
penetrates mucosa-get constipation
penetrates lymph nodes, to blood (febrile condition)
Peyer's patches-in bowel
Rose spots-red bumps around belly button.
carrier-harbor in gallbladder
tx: antibotics, remove gallbladder

Front 117

Bacteremia cause by what Salmonella species?

Back 117

S.serotypes Typhi, Parathphi, Cholerasuis
Sx: prolonged fever, pos B.C.
yound children, adults with underlying diseases

Front 118

Shigella ID

Back 118

NEVER NF
IMVC=v+-- (like e.coli)
GNR
MAC-clear
HE-clear, green
XLD-clear, red
TSI- K/A
lysine-neg
arg-neg
orn-neg
urea-neg
non-motile
*exception-S.sonnei,ONPG-pos,orn-pos

Front 119

Shigella caused disease.

Back 119

Bacillary dysentery
no animal transmittion
caused by contaminated h2o,
oral/anal sex, croweded living, young children

Front 120

Shigella positive biochemical tests.

Back 120

glucose
MR
some pos for indole
all other tests are negative

Front 121

If all biochemical tests were negative except MR what MO would you expect?

Back 121

Shigella

Front 122

S.sonnei is positive for what tests?

Back 122

ONPG-pos
orn-pos
MR-pos

Front 123

Virulence factors of Shigella.

Back 123

K- mask O, heat labile
-boil to remove
O ag groups; A,B.C,D
NO H antigen- non-motile
Inf. dose <200microorganisms

Front 124

How do you acquire Shigella?

Back 124

the 5 "F's"
fingers
flies
food
feces
fomite

Front 125

Shigella that cause disease.

Back 125

S.sonnei-most common in US
short lived, self-limiting
S.flexneri-gay bowel syndrome"
S.dysenteriae type 1 and S. boydii--found in developing countries- most virulent: high mortality

Front 126

Bacillary dysentery

Back 126

24-48 hours post ingestion
penetrates mucosa and attaches- inflammmation, shedding of mucosa
formation of ulcers
Sx:high fever,chills, abd cramps, pain, rectal prolapse
Isolate MO 1-3 days post ingestion
complications-obstructionof intestinal-can be life-threatening
Tx; self-limiting
Stool: blood,mucus,pus
plate stool immediately,
acid ph sensitive

Front 127

Yersinia General ID and
diseases.

Back 127

GNR w/bipolar staining

GI disease
mediastinal lymphadenitis
septicemia
pneumonia

Front 128

K/A, H2S+ bacteria

Back 128

P. mirabilis
Salmonella spp.
C. freundii
E. tarda

Front 129

A/A, H2S- bacteria

Back 129

P. vulgaris
C. freundii

Front 130

K/A, H2S- bacteria

Back 130

P.rettgeri
M. morganii
P. stuartii
Citrobacter spp.
Shigella spp.
E.coli
Y. pestis
Serratoa spp.

Front 131

A/A, H2S- bacteria

Back 131

E.coli
Klebsiella spp.
Enterobacter spp.
Serratia sp.

Front 132

K/K bacteria

Back 132

No Enterobacteriaceae,
ID of NLF

Front 133

PAD positive bacteria

Back 133

All Proteus spp.
M.morganii

Front 134

Lysine positive bacteria

Back 134

Salmonella spp.
(except Paraptyphi)
E.tarda

Front 135

Indole positive bacteria

Back 135

E.tarda
P.vulgaris
Providencia spp.
M.morganii
K.oxytoca
Edwardsielleae

Front 136

Citrate positive bacteria

Back 136

Providencia spp.

Front 137

Motility (37 deg) bacteria

Back 137

E.coli
Citrobacer spp.
Serratia spp.
Enterobacter spp.
Y.pseudotuberculosis

Front 138

Motility (25 deg) bacteria

Back 138

Y. enterocolitica
Y.pseudotuberculosis

Front 139

Motility (37 deg) bacteria

Back 139

e.coli
Citrobacter spp.
Serratia spp.
Enterobacter spp.

Front 140

Dnase positive bacteria

Back 140

Serratiea sp.

Front 141

IMVC ++-- bacteria

Back 141

E.coli
M.Morganii
P.vulgaris
Y.enterocolitica(variable)
Shigella(variable)

Front 142

IMVC --++ bacteria

Back 142

Enterobactersp.
Klebsiella sp.
Serratia sp.
S. marcescens
P.agglomerans(variable)
E.cloacae
E.aerogenes

Front 143

IMVC -+-+ bacteria

Back 143

Salmonella
C.freundii
P.mirabilis(variable)
S.odorifera(variable)

Front 144

IMVC ++-+

Back 144

Providencia
C.diversus
K.oxytoca
s.odorifera(variable)`

Front 145

IMVC --+-

Back 145

K.pneumoniae sub. ozaenae
K.pneumoniae
sub. rhinoscleromatis
P. agglomerans (variable)

Front 146

IMVC -+--

Back 146

Y.pestis
Y.pseudotuberculosis
Y.enterocolitica(variable)
Shigella(variable)
P.mirabilis(variable)

Front 147

Shigella O ag groups

Back 147

A: S.deysenteriae
B: S.flexneri
C: S.boydii
D: S. sonnei