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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What tissue is primarily responsible for gluconeogenesis in Americans?
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Primarily in the liver
What if we go without food for an extended period of time? |
then the kidney becomes the major tissue
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What can glc be formed form?
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lactate (Cori Cycle)
Pyruvate (comes from alanine (alanine cycle)) Glycerol (triglyceride hydrolysis in adipose tissue) Alpha Keto Acds (muscle protein breakdown) Proprionic acid other monosachharides |
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What comes out of the Cori cycle?
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Lactate
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What comes out of the alanine cycle?
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Pyruvate, Urea
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What is the energy cost of gluconeogensis utilizing the Alanine cycle?
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12 ATP
Cori cycle? |
6 ATP
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What is the key gluconeogenic enzyme?
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Pyruvate Carboxylase (PC)
What activates it? |
Acetyl-CoA
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What is alanine used to form?
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Pyruvate and Urea
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What is glutamine used to form?
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Alpha-ketogluterate
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Which AA's can be used to form glucose?
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Everything except for lysine and leucine
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Which AA are both glucogenic and Ketogenic?
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Tyrosine, Isoleucine, P-Alanine, Tryptophan
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Glycolysis takes place in the _____
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in the cytoplasm of all cells
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Gluconeogenesis takes place in the _________
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Liver and Kidneys, mitochondria and cytoplasm
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What does Pyruvate Kinase do?
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phosphorylates PEP to form pyruvate
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What are the three non-reversible steps in glycolysis?
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pyruvate kinase, Phosphofructokinase, Hexokinase
Which step IS reversible? |
Phosphoglycerate Kinase
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T or F: Gluconeogenesis features enzymes that bypass 3 irreversible KINASE steps
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True
What are those steps? |
pyruvate kinase
hexokinase PFK |
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What does G6Pase do?
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it is part of gluconeogenesis that catalyzes G6P+H2O --> glucose + Pi
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What is needed to release glucose from the liver, gut, and kidney to the blood?
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G6Pase
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T or F. Muscle and brain do gluconeogenesis.
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F. Brain and muscle do not do gluconeogenesis.
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What two enzymes are needed to reverse the pyruvate kinase step?
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Pyruvate Carboxylase and PEP Carboxykinase
Which is rate limiting for gluconeogenesis? |
The cytoplasmic form of PEPCK
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T or F. PEP Carboxylase is a MITOCHONDRIAL enzyme
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T
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How do you get citrate to leave the mitochondria to stimulate gluconeogenesis?
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beta oxidation of FA provides lots of NADH and ATP
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