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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How much glycogen is present in the liver relative to the muscle?
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Muscle has 2X amount of glycogen as liver because its a much bigger tissue
Liver = 10% of gross weight Muscle = 1-2% of gross weight |
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What kind of skeletal muscle has the highest concentration of trigleceride?
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Type I
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What does glycogenin do?
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it's a primer for glycogen synthase.
This 8 unit primer is needed to get the reducing end into the active site of glycogen synthase |
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What is the rate limiting enzyme for glycogen synthesis?
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glycogen synthase
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What are the 5 enzymes needed for glycogen synthesis?
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Glucokinase/hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase, UDP-glucose Pyrophosphorylase, glycogen synthase, glucan transferase
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What kind of bond does glycogen synthase form?
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alpha 1,4 glycosidic bonds
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What kind of bond does glucan transferase form?
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alpha 1,6 branches
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How does glucan transferase work?
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it moves the last 7 glucose residues from the straight chain to a position on the straight chain that is at least 4 glucose residues away from an existing branch
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What is the difference between Glycogen synthase a (AKA I form) and Glycogen synthase b (AKA D form)
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the 'a' form has not been phosphorylated, where the 'b' form has been phosphorylated
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What does Glucagon do to Glycogen synthetase?
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turns it off
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What does Insulin do to Glycogen synthetase?
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Switches it ON
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What does G6P do to Glycogen synthase?
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It works on the inactive tense enzyme to relax a little (not enough to put in 'relaxed' form but causes a little activity
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What are the negative effectors of Glycogen Synthase?
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Glycogen Synthase Kinases- phosphorylates it
ADP and Pi - Bind 'b' at allosteric binding and decrease activity even more( prevents G6P from attaching) Glycogen Synthase Phosphatase Inhibitors- prevent phosphoprotein phosphatase-1 from removing the phosphate |
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What are the positive effectors of glycogen synthase?
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G6P
Glucose Insulin |
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What are the 2 primary hormones that regulate our blood glucose levels and where do they work?
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Insulin and Glucagon
They work first on the liver |
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What are the 5 enzymes of glycogen hydrolysis (glycogenolysis)? Which one is Rate Limiting?
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Phosphorylase - RL
Transferase Debranching enzyme Phosphoglucomutase G6Pase |
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What are the products of glycogen hydrolysis?
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glucose and glucose-1-phosphate
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How do we get maximum glycogen breakdown in skeletal muscle when we exercise ?
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Nerve impulses get calcuim and epinephrine gets cyclic AMP to give maximum activity for muscle phosphorylase kinase so you get maximum breakdown of muscle glycogen during excercise. Liver is working it too.
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