Biochem Test Ii Fall

Front 1

ON or OFF for GLYCOLYSIS
1) Insulin turns glycolysis ___, glucagon turns it ___. 2) Low glucose turns it ___, high glucose turns it ___.

Back 1

1) ON, OFF
2)OFF, ON

Front 2

The Insulin:Glucagon ratio during periods of starvation is going to be [high or low]

Back 2

low

Front 3

Acetyl CoA is an essential activator of: [CHOOSE ONE]
A) Phosphohexose Isomerase
B) Pyruvate Kinase
C) Phosphofructokinase-I
D) Pyruvate Carboxylase.

Back 3

D) Pyruvate Carboxylase

Front 4

Phosphofructokinase-I is bypassed by _______

Back 4

Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphatase

Front 5

_______ converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate

Back 5

Pyruvate Carboxylase (*occurs in mitochondrion)

Front 6

Which is not one of the 3 non-covalent enzymes in PDH complex? [CHOOSE ONE ANSWER]
A)Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
B)Pyruvate Decarboxylase
C)Lipoate actyltransacetylase
D)Lipoamide dehydrogenase

Back 6

B) Pyruvate Carboxylase

Front 7

Circle all the cofactors of the PDH complex (multiple answers):

1)thiamine pyrophosphate
2)Lipoic acid
3)NADH
5)Flavin Adenine dinucleotide
6)Coenzyme A
7)Aldolase
8)Isoprenoids
9)Pyruvic Acid
10)NAD+

Back 7

1,2,5,6, and 10.

Front 8

1) Fructose 2,6-Biphosphate allosterically INHIBITS _______.

2) Does Fructose 2,6-Biphosphate activate or inhibit PFK-1 in gluceoneogenesis? Glycolysis?

Back 8

1) Fructose 1,6 Bisphophatase
2) F2,6BP inhibts PFK-1 during gluconeogenisis but activates it during glycoloysis. [NOTE: this question was kinda tricky and hard to follow]

Front 9

1) Does glucagon inhibit or activate gluconeogenesis?

2) Does insulin inhibit or activate glycolytic flux?

Back 9

1) Activates (stimulates)
2) Activate (stimulates)

Front 10

Hexokinase is bypassed in gluconeogenisis by _____

Back 10

Glucose 6 Phosphatase

Front 11

In Anerobic condtions Pyruvate is converted into ____

Back 11

Lactate

Front 12

(There are a lot of questions here but they are important)

Referring to the *PDH COMPLEX*:
1) CoA and AMP activate or inhibit it?

2) Pyruvate activates or inhibits it?

3) NADH activates or inhibits it?

4) Insulin activates or inhibits?

5) Glucagon activates or inhibits?

6) High ATP levels in cell will activate or inhibit it?

7) What do low levels of ATP do to glycotic flux?

8)Phoshphorylation inactivates or activates PDH?

9) High ATP levels are going to increase or decrease Citric Acid Cycle activity?

10)Dephosphorylation inactivates or activates PDH?

11) NAD+
12) Acetyl CoA

Back 12

1) Activates
2) Activates??
3) Inhibits
4) Activates (stimulates)
5) Inhibits
6) Inhibit
7) It increases glycotic flux
8) Inactivates
9)Decrease
10)Activates
11) Activates
12) Inhibits (high Acetyl SCoA is indicative of high cellular energy)

Front 13

How many NET ATP are produced from:
1)Anerobic Glycolysis?
2)Aerobic Glycolysis?
3) One NADH when it donates itself to the ETC
4) One FADH when it donates itself to the ETC

5) How many ATP are required during gluconegogenesis?

Back 13

1) 2
2) 8
3) 3
4) 2
5) 6

Front 14

1) True or false: Amino Acids are the major non-CHO precursor for gluconegogenesis.
2) T/F: Fat and citric acid cycle intermediates are also common (though not major) precursors for gluconeogenesis.

Back 14

1) True
2) False-Fat isn't!

Front 15

True or False:
Muscles lack TWO gluconeogenic enzymes: Glucose-6-phosphatase and pyruvate-carboxylase.

Back 15

TRUE
(therefore it sends alanine (aerobic) or lactate (anaerobic) to the liver for gluconeogenesis)

Front 16

Answer PROTEOGLYCANS or GLYCOPROTEINS:

1) Made up of more carbohydrates than proteins
2) Glycosaminoglycan chains covalently attached
3) Examples include human chorionic ganadotropin and cell surface receptors.
4) Examples include chondroitin 4-sulfate and hyaluronate
5) Classification based on O and N glycosidic bonds
6) Key component of extracellular matrix or support material as lubricants/shock absorbers.
7) Important for communication b/w cells, cell structure, and self-recognition by the immune system.

Back 16

1) Proteoglycans
2) Proteoglycans
3) Glycoproteins
4) Proteoglycans (Glycosaminoglycans)
5) Glycoproteins
6) Proteoglycans
7) Glycoproteins

Front 17

MATCH THE NUMBER WITH THE CORRECT LETTER:

1) Glucose
2) Fructose
3) Hurler's Syndrome
4) Structural Isomers
5) Stereoisomers
6) Enantiomers
7) Diastereomers
8) Anomers
9) Sucrose
10) Lactose
11) Maltose
12) Amylopectin
13) Glycosaminoglycans
14) Cardiac Glycosides
15) Gauchers Disease
16) Catabolism
17) Anabolism
18) Tay-sachs Disease
19) Amphibolic
20) Tarui Disease
21) Hemolytic Anemia
22) D-glucose and D-galactose at C4. D-glucose and D-mannose at C2.


A)Same molecular formula and same bonds, but different arrangment of atoms in 3-D space. Identical BP and MP.
B)two steroisomers which differ in the configuration at one carbon.
C) Galactose+glucose
D)Dual role of being both catabolic and anabolic. Ex: Citric acid cycle
E) Isomers that are not mirror images. Different properties
F)an Aldohexose
G)D-glucose+D-glucose
H)Fatty acid derivatives accumulate in nerve cells of brain. 'Cherry-red eye' as symptom. Jews.
I)Convergent
J)Nonsuperimposable mirror images. Same properties.
K)a ketohexose
L)lysosomal storage disease where glucocerebrosidase is deficient/absent
M)Divergent
N)Component of starch that fucks diabetics up if they eat too much due to its high glycemic index.
O)Glucose+Fructose
P)same molecular formula but different bonds. Different physical properties.
Q) important in treatment of CHF (contains link b/w steroid and CHO)
R)Phosphofructokinase I deficiency in muscle cells
S)deficiencies in glycolytic enzymes PFK-I, phosphoglucose isomerase, triose phosphate isomerase, and phosphoglycerate kinase.
T)repeating disaccharide units of hexosamine and a uronic acid.
U) Lysosomal storage disease where glycosaminoglycans accumulate (ex: Heparan sulfate and dermatin sulfate accumulate)
V)An example of epimers (sugars that differ in only one asymmetric chiral carbon configuration).

Back 17

1)F
2)K
3)U
4)P
5)A
6)J
7)E
8)B
9)O
10)C
11)G
12)N
13)T
14)Q
15)L
16)I
17)M
18)H
19)D
20)R
21)S
22)V