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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the RDA of glucose?
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130 Grams/day
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Is glucose a monosaccharide?
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you bet your sweet ass it is.
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Can glucose become toxic?
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if you get too much. not enough isn't good either
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What tissues or cells can ONLY use glucose as their only source of energy?
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RBC's, cornea, lens, regions of the retina, kidney medulla, testis, leukocytes (lymphocyes and neutrophils) , and white muscle fibers, Sperm, fetus, placenta
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What does the brain use for energy if there isn't enough glucose in the blood?
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ketone bodies, but if the blood glucose levels drop too low, brain death will occur.
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Is the Brain an obligate glycolzer?
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hell no.
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What is the RDA for glucose? How bout when your preggo?
How bout when your lactating all over the place? |
130 grams/day
175 grams/day 210 grams/day |
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What are the three sources of glucose?
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1. Intestinal Absorption
2. Glycogen breakdown (Glycogenolysis) 3. Biosynthesis from non-carbohydrate sources (gluconeogenesis) |
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What are the 4 different stored fuels in humans?
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Glycogen, glucose, fat, protein
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Weight training coupled wth a high protein diet will do what?
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increase skeletal muscle protein
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A high carbohydrate diet coupled with endurance training will do what?
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increase liver and muscle glycogen levels
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What is usually our biggest energy reserve?
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Fat
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What soaks up the most glucose after a meal?
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Liver, it gets the first shot at everything coming from out gut.
Soaks up about 2/3 of the glucose coming in. |
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Does insulin help take up glucose after a meal?
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nope but it does help the liver process glucose after a meal is eaten.
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What is the pathway that glucose goes through to generate NADPH?
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pentose phosphate pathway
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When glucose gets turned into glucuronic acid in the liver what does the glucuronic acid do?
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it is used for detoxification purposes.
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What is the preferred fuel for the liver?
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amino acids baby
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What does the liver do with the glucose it takes up?
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converts some to glycogen, Acetyl-CoA, and some to fattys and cholesterol, NADPH, ribose-5-phosphate (nucleic acid synthesis), glucuronic acid, and lactic acid
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What are the 4 tissues that take up the most glucose?
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Liver, Adipose, skeletal muscle, Brain
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How does insulin get glucose into adipose tissue?
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using GLUT-4. almost all glucose is converted to fatty acids which are then used to make triglycerides
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How does Insulin work?
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through a protein kinase to get phosphate on the GLUT-4 cesicle to make GLUT-4 go into the membrane
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What also works on the same little system that insulin does in reference to the GLUT-4?
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Excercise activates Cyclic-AMP Dependant Kinase to do the same thing as Insulin does. Phosphorylates the vesicle containing GLUT-4 so it can be put into the membrane.
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Which class of GLUT's has the transporters that primarily move glucose?
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Class I
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Which GLUT's are considered high affinity?
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GLUT-1, GLUT-3, GLUT-4
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Which GLUT is considered "low-affinity binding protein"?
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GLUT-2
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Which GLUT transporter is considered Insulin-dependant?
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GLUT-4
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Where is GLUT4 mainly found?
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It's only present in the plasma membrane when a cell is responding to insulin. It is found primarily in skeletal muscle, fat tissue and heart muscle.
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What percentage of glucose does GLUT4 take out of the blood after a meal?
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Removes about 30% of the glucose from blood after a meal.
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What type of GLUT do neurons use?
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GLUT3, its the best mover of glucose.
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What does SGLT stand for?
How many are there? |
Sodium-coupled glucose transporters
6 |
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Which SGLT move glucose?
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SGLT-2 and SGLT-3 only
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What happens if blood glucose levels drop too low?
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Brain death occurs
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What happens if blood glucose levels go too high?
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tissue damage can occur (glucose reacts with proteins)
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What 4 things raise blood glucose levels?
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Glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, GH
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What lowers blood glucose levels?
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Insulin
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Have you read Chapter 21 section 21.1 and 21.2?
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You should, he hits it pretty hard in the packet.
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