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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nucleosome |
The fundamental structural repeat unit of chromatin Chromatosome + ~30 bp DNA linker |
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Nucleosome core |
Histones H2a, H2b, H3, H4 146 bp of DNA |
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Chromatosome |
Nucleosome core + histone H1≈ 166 bp DNA 2 turns |
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Hypochromic shift |
The decrease in absorbance of UV light in a double stranded DNA. Occurs when bases are stacked. The wavelength (260nm) doesn't change, only the percent of UV light absorbed decreases. |
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Hyperchromic shift |
The increase in absorbance of UV light that occurs upon denaturation of DNA. Bases are unstacked and can absorb more light. Wavelength remains the same, only percent absorbed increases. |
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Riboswitches |
RNA structural elements in noncoding regions of mRNA that, upon binding a specific metabolite, alter expression of the protein encoded by mRNA. Important in regulation of gene expression in BACTERIA. |
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Ribozyme |
Enzyme made of RNA that can break down an RNA molecule Enzyme made of RNA that can break down an RNA molecule |
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Cloning |
Isolation and amplification of a segment of DNA. Creates recombinant DNA. Target gene isolated, inserted into vector. |
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Cloning vector |
Carrier molecule that can be taken up by bacteria which will express the target gene. |
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A Type phosphodiesterase |
Cleaves 3' phosphate bond. Produces 5'-phosphate products. Ex. Snake venom is "a" specific exonuclease |
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B Type phosphodiesterase |
Cleaves 5' phosphate bond. Produces 3'-phosphate products. Ex. Spleen phosphodiesterase, "b" specific exonuclease |
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Exonuclease |
Hydrolyze terminal nucleotides |
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Endonuclease |
Hydrolyze middle of chain nucleotides. Some have specificity as to the base at which hydrolysis occurs. |
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Intercalating agents |
Flat hydrophobic molecules composed of fused, heterocyclic rings that slip between stacked base pairs and cause helix unwinding that leads to a more ladderlike structure
Ex. Ethidium bromide, acridine orange, actinomycin D |
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Zymogen |
An inactive proenzyme. Protein that can't perform it's function until it's activated. |
