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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Which of the following biological systems is directly responsible for themajority of NADPH synthesis in eukaryotic organisms?
a) Glycolysis b) The tricarboxylic acid cycle c) The pentose phosphate shunt d) Electron transport chain and F1/F0 ATP synthase complex e) The urea cycle |
The pentose phosphate shunt |
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2. The product of the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction is:
a) citrate b) lactate c) malate d) acetylCoA e) succinate |
acetylCoA |
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3. Functions of the pentose phosphate shunt include production of
a) pyruvate for gluconeogenesis b) NADH for oxidative phosphorylation c) FADH2 for fatty acid reduction d) Ribose 5-phosphate for nucleic acid synthesise) Lactate for anaerobic muscle contraction |
Ribose 5-phosphate for nucleic acid synthesis |
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4. Some amino acids such as glutamate and aspartate need not be present inthe human diet because they can be synthesized at an adequate rate. Aprincipal source of carbon for these amino acids is
a) nucleic acids b) carbon dioxide c) intermediates from glycolysis and the TCA cycle d) methylene folic acid derivatives e) intermediates from fatty acid metabolism and the pentosephosphate pathway |
intermediates from glycolysis and the TCA cycle |
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5. Which of the following statements is true concerning normal fatty acidsynthesis and fatty acid breakdown?
a) Both are mitochondrial functions b) Both are cytoplasmic functions c) Both require biotin as a cofactor d) Both share some common metabolic intermediates e) Both use the exact same enzymes for oxidation and reductionreactions |
Both share some common metabolic intermediates |
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6. With glutamic acid as an amino group donor, alanine can besynthesized directly from which of the following acids?
a) Lactic acid b) Pyruvic acid c) Glutaric acid d) α-ketoglutaric acid e) 3-phosphoglyceric acid |
Pyruvic acid |
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7. The net balance sheet for anaerobic glycolysis is that the metabolism ofone glucose molecule results in the production of?
a) two lactates, two ATPs and two NADHs b) two pyruvates, two ATPs and two NADHs c) two acetylCoAs and two ATPs d) two lactates and two ATPs e) two pyruvates and two NADHs |
two lactates and two ATPs |
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8. Which enzyme in glycolysis catalyzes the formation of pyruvate andATP?
a) pyruvate mutase b) pyruvate decarboxylase c) pyruvate carboxylase d) pyruvate dehydrogenase e) pyruvate kinase |
pyruvate kinase |
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9. Which of the following processes occurs after prolonged muscularexercise ends, when the oxygen debt is being repaid?
a) Lactic acid of the muscle continues to increase b) High rates of glycolysis occurs in the heart and muscle c) Most of the lactic acid undergoes gluconeogenesis in the liver d) Most of the lactic acid undergoes gluconeogenesis in muscle e) Most of the lactic acid is converted to fatty acids |
Most of the lactic acid undergoes gluconeogenesis in the liver |
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10.Which of the following is most commonly associated with transport ofthe free fatty acids released from adipocytes into human blood?
a) Albumin b) Globulin c) Cholesterol d) Sphingolipid e) Mucopolysaccharide |
Albumin |
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11.Which of the following compounds is the direct precursor of urea inthe urea cycle?
a) Glutamic acid b) Citrulline c) Ornithine d) Glutamine e) Arginine |
Arginine |
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12. A component of the coenzyme required for a transamination processis:
a) niacin b) thiamine c) folic acid d) pyridoxine e) riboflavin |
pyridoxine |
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13. Which of the following explains why the biosynthesis of fatty acidsrequires carbon dioxide or bicarbonate?
a) The bicarbonate/carbonic acid buffer system is very efficient at thepH optimum of this sensitive enzyme system b) Bicarbonate is a positive effector for this system and favorablyalters the conformation of its enzymes c) Carbon dioxide is incorporated into acetyl coenzyme A formingmalonyl coenzyme A (an intermediate in the synthetic process) d) Carbon dioxide is incorporated into pysruvate (a reactiveintermediate in the synthetic process) e) Carbon dioxide provides an anaerobic environment that preventsoxidation of the sulfhydryl groups present in the reactive sites ofthe enzyme system |
Carbon dioxide is incorporated into acetylCoA forming malonyl coenzyme A (an intermediate in the synthetic process) |
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14. Biotin is required in fatty acid biosynthesis to produce which of thefollowing intermediates?a) Acetyl-CoA
b) Malonyl CoA c) Methylmalonyl CoA d) Dimethylcrotonyl CoA e) Acetoacetyl-CoA |
Malonyl CoA |
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15. In general most of the lipid energy storage in humans occurs as:
a) phospholipids b) free fatty acids c) sphingomyelin d) glycolipids e) triacylglycerols |
triacylglycerols |
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16. The oxidation of odd numbered fatty acids proceeds ____:
a) completely the same as even numbered fatty acids b) the same as even numbered fatty acids except that the final threecarbon product enters glycolysis c) the same as even numbered fatty acids except that the final threecarbon product is not metabolized d) the same as even numbered fatty acids except that the final threecarbon product is converted directly into ketone bodies e) the same as even numbered fatty acids except that the final threecarbon product is converted to succinyl CoA in a three step process |
the same as even numbered fatty acids except that the final three carbon product is converted to succinyl CoA in a three step process |
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17. What enzyme in gluconeogenesis converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate?
a) Pyruvate mutase b) Pyruvate decarboxlyase c) Pyruvate carboxylase d) Pyruvate dehydrogenase e) Pyruvate kinase |
Pyruvate carboxylase |
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18. What is the major electron donor in reductive biosynthesis?
a) NADH b) NADPH c) FADH2 d) Ubiquinone e) H2O |
NADPH |
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19. Which complex in the electron transport chain is used when FADH2 isthe source of electrons but not when NADH is the source of electrons?
a) NADH-Q oxidoreductase (Complex I) b) succinate-coenzyme Q reductase (Complex II) c) Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (Complex III)d) cytochrome c oxidase (complex IIII) e) Ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex V) |
succinate-coenzyme Q reductase (Complex II) |
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20. Which types of enzymes involve the transfer of inorganic phosphate toand from ATP?
a) phosphatase b) kinase c) dehydrogenase d) pyrophosphatase e) phosphoanhydrase |
kinase |
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21. About how many days energy supply of glycogen does a humanstore?
a) A bit less than one day b) 3 days c) 7 days d) 15 days e) 30 days or more |
A bit less than one day |
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22. During intense exercise (anaerobic conditions) the products ofglycolysis are transferred from muscle to liver as
a) acetoacetate b) pyruvate c) glycine d) lactate e) arginine |
lactate |
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23. Which of the following substances represents the primary productfatty acid catabolism (oxidation)?
a) Glucose b) Citrate c) Acetyl-CoA d) Acetoacetate e) Pyruvate |
Acetyl-CoA |
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24. The major nitrogenous excretory product in humans is
a) glutamine b) asparagine c) arginine d) ornithine e) urea |
urea |
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25. The interesting little compound, containing carbon, nitrogen andphosphate, that is synthesized in the first step of the urea cycle iscalled _____.
a) carboxyphosphate b) ornithine c) carbamoyl phosphate d) pyrophosphate e) carbonylanhydride |
carbamoyl phosphate |
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26. The compound cyclic AMP is classified as a:a) high energy intermediate
b) hormone c) metabolic end product d) second messenger e) irreversible inhibitor |
second messenger |
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27. What types of enzymes produce NADH in the TCA cycle?
a) kinases b) mutases c) isomerases d) dehydrogenases e) epimarases |
dehydrogenases |
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28. Where does electron transport primarily occur – that is, where do theelectron transport complexes reside?
a) the cytosol b) the outer mitochondrial membrane c) the intermembrane space d) the inner mitochondrial membrane e) the matrix of the mitochondria |
the inner mitochondrial membrane |
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29. What molecule is covalently linked to fatty acids during theirbiosynthesis:
a) ATP b) Acyl Carrier Protein c) CoA d) Lipoate e) Carnitine |
Acyl Carrier Protein |
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30. What is the site of fatty acid catabolism (oxidation)?
a) Cytoplasm b) endoplasmic reticulum c) lysozyme d) mitochondria e) chloroplast |
mitochondria |
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31. What is a DIRECT product of electron transport?
a) NADH b) NADPH c) FADH2 d) ATP e) A proton gradient |
A proton gradient |
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32. The enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorolysis of glycogen to formglucose-1-phosphate is called:
a) adenylate cyclase b) glycogen synthetase c) glycogen activating protein d) phosphorylase a e) glycogen kinase |
phosphorylase a |
