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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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incorrect bases incorporated during DNA replication which are not removed by DNA polymerase are eventually corrected by which system?
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Mismatch Repair (MMR)
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shortly after completion of daughter strand creation, what can MMR use to distinguish between parent and daughter strand?
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methylation status
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which protein cuts the phophodiester backbone in MMR?
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endonuclease
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in MMR, helicases and exonuclease remove a long strand of DNA between ________ and ___________.
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methylation site; mismatch
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which two proteins are responsible for filling in the gap created by exonuclease activity in MMR?
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DNA polymerase and ligase
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which type of cancer is associated with mutations in genes encoding mismatch repair proteins?
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hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
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what does NER stand for?
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nucleotide excision repair
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which type of damage does NER repair? Give 3 examples.
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environmentally-induced; chemical modifications, intercalating agents, UV light.
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inherited mutations in NER genes leads to which disorder?
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Xeroderma pigmentosum
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what type of DNA damage does homologous recombination repair act on?
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double-stranded DNA breaks induced by ionizing radiation and chemotherapy
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what are the two competing processes for repair of a double-stranded DNA break? Which of these is error-free?
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homologous recombination and nonhomologous end joining; homologous recombination
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what is used as a template in homologous recombination? To which parts of cell cycle is this limited?
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a sister chromatid; S and G2
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to which parts of cell cycle is NHEJ limited?
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NHEJ can occur during any part of the cell cycle.
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which chromosomal mutations often arrive as a result of NHEJ?
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translocations and inversions
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What is the name of the proteins recruited by the stalling of a DNA polymerase at the replication fork?
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Translesion DNA Synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerases
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None
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are TLS DNA polymerases more or less error-prone than normal DNA polymerases?
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more
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which feature of TLS DNA polymerases causes them to disocciate from template after insertion of only a few bases?
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low processivity
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the Ames Test is a test of what?
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carcinogenicity
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the tester strain in the Ames test is deficient in which repair system?
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NER
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is the tester strain able or not to synthesize histidine? Upon which type of plates are strains grown to test carcinogenicity?
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not able; Plates without histidine
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why does the Ames Test not detect all strains that acquired a mutation during DNA replication?
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only mutations that revert His- to His+ are detected and scored
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indirect mutagens are converted to direct mutagens via which system?
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the liver cytochrome P450 system
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are all mutagens carcinogenic? Are all carcinogens mutagenic?
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no; yes
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