Biochem Citric Acid Cycle

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Other terms for Citric Acid Cycle

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-Kreb's Cycle

-Tricarboxylic Cycle

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How many steps are there in Citric Acid Cycle

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8 successive steps

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The---- is formed from two Acetyl coa

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Six carbon citrate

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The energy released is captured in the reduced coenzymes

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NADH and FADH2

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Yields CO2 and regenerates oxaloacetate

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Oxidation of Citrate

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All the reduced products entered here

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Oxidative phosphorilation

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Oxidative phosphorilation takes place in the

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Inner Mitochondtia

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Site of Oxidative phosphorilation

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Electron Transport chain

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It is the process in which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of electrons from NADH or FADH2 to O2 by a series of Electron Carriers

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Oxidative Phosphorilation

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transfer of electrons from NADH or FADH2 to

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O2

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It is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from Electron donors to Electron acceptor via redox reactions

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Electron Transport Chain

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Electron donors

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NADH FADH2

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Electron Transport chain is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from Electron donors to Electron acceptor via

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Redox Reactions

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The transfer of Electron couples with the transfer of proton H+ ions across a membrane

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Electron Transport Chain

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Electron Transport chain is the transfer of Electron couples with the transfer of proton - - - - - across a membrane

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H+ Ions

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Is consists of 5 separate protein complexes

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Electron Transport chain

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5 protein Complexes

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-Complex I

-Complex II

-Complex III

-Complex IV

-Complex V

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Also Called as NADH Dehydrogenase

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Complex I

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Complex I is also called as

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NADH Dehydrogenase

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Prosthetic groups

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Proton Acceptors

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In these centers, the Iron is present in association with inorganic sulfur atoms or with the sulfur atoms of cysteine residues of the protein

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Iron-Sulfur Centers

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Also Called as succinate Dehydrogenase

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Complex II

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Complex II is also Called as

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succinate dehydrogenase

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Complex II has how many subunits

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4

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The only Membrane Bound Enzyme in Citric Acid Cycle

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Complex II

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Reduced products

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NADH, FADH2

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It is the culmination of energy yielding metabolism in Aerobic organism

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Oxidative phosphorilation

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In oxidative phosphorilation ATP is formed from the transfer of electrons from

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NADH or FADH2 to O2

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The transfer of electrons couples with the transfer of what proton

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H+ ions

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It is a series of compounds that transfers Electron donors to Electron acceptors via redox reaction

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Electron Transport chain

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Electron Transport chain It is a series of compounds that transfers Electron donors to Electron acceptors via

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Redox reduction

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Electron donors

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Reduced products

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Electron Transport chain is consist of how many complexes

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5

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Complex 1-4

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Electron Donation and Electron Acceptance

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Complex 5

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ATP Production

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Complex 1 is also Called as

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NADH Dehydrogenase

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Electron acceptors

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Prosthetic Groups

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Prosthetic groups of complex 1

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-Flavin Mononucleotide

-Iron-Sulfur Centers

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In these centers iron is present in association with inorganic sulfur atoms or with the sulfur atoms of cysteine

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Iron-Sulfur Centers

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In complex 1 after after donating to iron sulfur centers h + ions where will it next be donated

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Coenzyme Q

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Coenzyme q is also known as

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Ubiquinone

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After h + ions bind with coenzyme q what will it resulted upon

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Ubiquinol

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Chemical symbol of ubiquinol

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QH2

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Complex 2 is also known as

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Succinate Dehydrogenase

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Complex 2 has how many subunits

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4

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First sub unit of complex 2

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Binding site with FAD

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Second sub-unit of complex 2

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FE-s Centers

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Third sub unit of complex 2

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Binding site for ubiquinone

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Fouth sub unit of complex 2

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Contains Heme B

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First one to receive H+ ions in complex 2

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Iron-Sulfur Centers

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In complex 2 after H+ ions bind with FE-s centers where will it bind next

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Ubiquinone

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The only Membrane Bound Enzyme in Citric Acid cycle

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Complex 2

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Complex 3 is also called as

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-Cytochrome C Oxireductase

-Cytochrome BC1 Complex

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Couples the transfer of electrons from ubiquinol to Cytochrome C

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Complex 3

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Complex 3 has how many subunits

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3

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First one to receive electrons in Complex 3

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Cytochrome C1- Heme C

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Second one to receive electrons in Complex 3

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Rieske Iron-Sulfur Centers

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3rd one to receive electrons in Complex 3

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Cytochrome b- Heme b

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Last one to receive electrons in Complex 3

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Cytochrome C

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Complex four is also called as

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Cytochrome Oxidase

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Complex 4 has how many sub-units

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3

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It carries electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen reducing it to H2O

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Complex 4

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First one to receive electrons in Complex 4

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1st Cu

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Second one to receive electrons in Complex 4

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Cytochrome A

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3rd one to receive electrons in Complex 4

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2nd Copper

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Being reduced and the last one to receive electrons in Complex 4

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O

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Result of the reduction of O in Complex 4

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H2O

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It is the complex for ATP production

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Complex 5

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Complex 5 is also called as

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ATP synthase

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F1 particle has how many sub-units

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9

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F0 particle has how many sub-units

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3

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Helps in carrying H+ ions towards the matrix

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F1 particle and F0 particle

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Process of the flow of hydrogen from High to low concentration gradient

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Electrochemical Gradient

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Total ATP yield

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32 ATP

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How many H+ is needed to form 1 ATP

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4