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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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difference between pro/eukaryotes |
prokaryotes no internal structures |
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anabolism, what is and where |
building up of proteins/carbs/lipids |
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chloroblasts found in... |
plants only (higher plants) |
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photsynthesis process |
anabolic carbon reduction reactions |
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mitochondria process |
catabolic carbon oxidation reaction |
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bioenergetics study of |
transformation, distribution, utilization of energy by living creatures |
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ΔG=ΔH-TΔS means |
free energy=change in enthalpy minus temp X change in entropy |
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exergonic meaning |
sponatenous |
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endergonic meaning |
not spontaneous |
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exergonic value |
0>ΔG |
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endergonic value |
0<ΔG |
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energy higher in products than reactants in... |
endergonic |
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energy lower in products than reactants in... |
exergonic |
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anobolism meaning |
simple-->complex. takes energy. carbon reduction |
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catabolism meaning |
complex-->simple. gives energy. carbon oxidation |
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photosynthesis equation |
6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight ———> C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
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respiration equation |
C6H12O6 + 6O2———>6CO2 + 6H2O + energy |
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oxidation releases or takes energy |
releases |
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linear sequence |
a-->b-->c-->so on |
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cyclic sequence |
A-B-C-D-A |
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coupled reaction |
when unfavorable reaction is paired with favorable reaction |
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energy currency requirements |
-high energy -small -soluble -available |
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coenzyme function
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-move electrons -redox reactions -store energy |
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common coenzymes |
-NAD+/NADH -NADP+/NADPH -FAD/FADH2 |
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NAD oxidized or reduced |
oxidized |
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NADH H oxidized or reduced |
reduced |
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more H in name or structure means.... |
reduced |
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reduction makes or takes energy |
takes |
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oxidation makes or takes energy |
makes |
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glycolysis main function |
breakdown of glucose into 2 pyruvate, make energy |
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pyruvate molecule structure |
2 Cs with 2 carboxyl groups |
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first step of glycolysis |
hexokinase with ATP makes glucose-6-phosphate |
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where is glucokinase used? |
liver and pancreas |
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reversible happens when... |
low delta G |
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irreversible happens when G |
is very negative |
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Step 2 in glycolysis |
isomerization |
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step 2 reversible or irreveersible |
reversible |
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Step 3 |
PFK1 with ATP ----- fructose 1-6 bisphosphate |
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important product that aldolase makes |
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate |
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Substrate level phophorilation |
removing Phosphate to make ATP |
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what activates pyruvate kinase? |
AMP, F-1,6-Bisphosphate |
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what inhibits pyruvate kinase? |
ATP, glucagon |
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glycolysis products |
2 ATP, 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH |
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how can fructose enter glycolysis |
fructose-6-phosphate or glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate |
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how can galactose enter glycolysyis |
glucose-6-phosphate |
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can can mannose enter glycolysis |
fructose-6-phosphate |
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fate of pyruvate with O2 |
TCA cycle |
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fate of pyruvate without O2 |
anaerobic metabolism |
