Bioc Topic 12

Front 1

Monosaccharides

Back 1

simple sugars with multiple OH groups. Based on number of OH groups. Based on number of carbons. A monosaccharide is a triose, tetrose, pentose or hexose. divided into 2 families D and L sugars.

Front 2

Disaccharide

Back 2

2 monosaccharide covalently linked

Front 3

Oligosaccharides

Back 3

A few monosaccharides covalently linked

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Polysaccharides

Back 4

Polymers consisting of chains of monosaccharide or disaccharide units.

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Carbohydrates

Back 5

Carbohydrates are chiral molecules, typically but not always L-aminos, D-sugars.

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mutarotation

Back 6

Cyclic sugars show mutarotation as alpha and beta anomeric forms interconvert.

Front 7

Anomers

Back 7

cyclic sugars that differs only in positions of substituents at the hemiacetal carbon.

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Important simple monosaccharides

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glucose. mannose. galactose. fructose. ribose.

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glucose

Back 9

An aldose sugar which forms a pyranose ring structure. Preferred source of energy in most living systems.

Front 10

Fructose

Back 10

The most abundant ketose sugar which forms a furanose ring structure. A constituent of sucrose but also present as a free sugar.

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Mannose

Back 11

Found in the carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins.

Front 12

Galactose

Back 12

Is formed from the disaccharide lactose which is major carbohydrate in milk.

Front 13

N-acetylglucosamine

Back 13

Chitin is a structural polysaccharide. Is composed on repeating units of N-acetylglucosamine.

Front 14

reducing sugars

Back 14

Carbohydrates that react in basic solution with mild oxidizing agents are classified as reducing sugars.