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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pharyngitis
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sore throat
10% bacterial 95% of bacterial are Strep. pyogenes |
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Streptococcal Pharyngitis
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most common in 5-10 y/o, October-April, 20% school children carry
Incubate: 1-3 days Transmit: contact w/nasal secretions, Abs prevent spread Sx: none, noninvasive (strep throat, impetigo): high fever, headache, chills, swollen glands & tonsils *strep throat: no cough or nasal d/c invasive (TSS, necrotizing fasciitis) Dx: throat swab, streak for isolation on BAP w/SXT & bacitracin discs (+ is hemolysis w/B sensitivity); streptozyme faster 95% accurate Tx: penicillin, erythromycin to prevent spreading, important to prevent sequelae |
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Strep Throat sequelae
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Rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease, scarlet fever, glomerulonephritis
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Rheumatic Fever
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always preceded by another Strep infection
Occurs mostly if that infection wasn't treated Inflammatory rxn to certain Strep. pyogenes strains antibodies attack self can result in Rheumatic Heart Disease (valve damage, esp mitral) Sx: fever, myalgia, migratory joint pain, chorea, Tx: symptomatic, bed rest, long term Abs Prevent: Ab treatment for any and all Streptococcal infections |
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Glomerulonephritis
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Kidney disorder that interferes with its ability to remove waste products & excess H2O from blood
progressive may lead to permanent damage 2:1 m:f Sx: as it progresses find blood/protein in urine, edema; weakness, fever, ab pain, malaise, dark & scanty urine, BP up Tx: control BP, control liquid & salt intake, kidney transplant in event of renal failure |
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Necrotizing Fasciitis & TSS
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Group A Strep (beta hemolytic)
Invades through break in skin or immunocompromised Sx: NF: fever, redness at site, severe pain & swelling; STSS: fever, dizzy, confusion, flat rash over large areas Tx: many different Abs, STSS organ failure; NF Amputation Mortality: 10-13% GAS; 45% STSS, 25% NF Prevent: good handwashing (esp after cough, sneeze, food prep, eating), keep wounds clean, seek treatment for Strep throat or wound infection |
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Laryngitis & Epiglottitis
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Haemophilis influenzae, Strep. pneumoniae, virus, combination, overuse inflammation of larynx/epiglottis
*E: almost always H. influenzae *2-6 y/o most susceptible Sx: sore throat, fever, stridor (harsh, raspy, noisy breathing), difficulty swallowing, drooling, sitting up & leaning forward Tx: try to get to doctor, cool mist, hot steam, cold air, albuterol inhaler Croup: acute airway obstruction - death can occur in minutes Prevent: Hib vaccine |
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Sinusitis
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bacterial, viral, fungal; H. influenzae bacteria most common
inflammation of sinuses, blocks mucus, infection occurs 30 million in US Acute: 2-8 weeks, chronic: longer often follows respiratory infection or allergic reaction Sx: nasal congestions & d/c, sore throat, PND, headache, cough, fever, bad breath, fatigue, loss of smell Tx: humidifier, nasal saline, fluids, hot wet cloth over face, antibiotics e.g. ampicillin Acute:Tx 10-14 days Chronic: Tx 3-4 weeks If deviated septum, surgery |
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Bronchitis
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Strep. or Mycoplasma pneumoniae
inflammation of bronchi & bronchioles acute/chronic acute usually follows viral respiratory infection At risk: elderly, young, smokers, heart/lung disease Sx: productive cough, yellow-green mucus more likely to be bacterial, dyspnea, wheezing, fatigue, low fever, chest pain; Chronic also: frequent respiratory infections, edema of ankles/feet/legs, blue lips Transmit: respiratory droplets Tx: A: symptoms; C: leads to COPD, Tx is to manage symptoms & prevent complications |
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Diphtheria
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae infected w/phage in particular lysogenic state
produces 2 toxins: exfoliatins damages throat fibrin & leukocytes form pseudomembrane *pseudomembrane: thick, fuzzy, gray-black membrane covers throat & tonsils - can obstruct airway Sx: sore throat, pseudomembrane, swollen throat lymph glands, nasal d/c, fever, chills, malaise, rapid breath, rapid HR Transmit: respiratory droplets, contaminated fomites, vehicles, 2-5 day incubation At risk: <5, >60, undernourished Tx: IV or IM antitoxin & Abs Prevent: DTaP, needs boost |
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Middle Ear Infection
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*Acute Otitis Media AOM
*Strep. pneumoniae, Strep. pyogenes, H. flu, viral *children learning how to talk, may mimic incorrectly what they hear *begins w/bacteria or virus that starts cold/sore throat ascends eustachean tube to throat build up of pus behind ear drum Transmit: respiratory secretions or fomites contaminated with Tx: Ab benefit small, for <6 mos certain or suspected AOM, 6 mos-24 mos w/severe symptoms, 2-12y/o only if certain & severe, breast feed, tylenol Risk Ab: can make future AOM more difficult, nausea, allergy, diarrhea/vomit, spread of Ab-resistant bacteria Tympanostomy Tubes |
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Common Cold
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rhino & corono viruses
*most common of all communicable diseases Adults: 2-4 September-May; Children: 6-8/yr Incubate: 2-4 days, lasts 7 Vaccine: none, too many & immunity fades quickly Sx: *cough & nasal d/c, d/c becomes thicker & yellow/green, sneezing, scratchy throat, congestion, fever in young children Transmit: *spread by fomites more than aerosols, highly contagious Tx: symptoms, no Abs Sequela: bronchitis, pneumonia, ear infection, sinusitis, asthma aggrevation Prevent: day care < 6 kids, hand hygiene, disinfect, paper towels |
