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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Phylum Porifera
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sponges
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Branch
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Radiata vs. Bilateria
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Subkingdom
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Parazoa vs. Eumetazoa
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Grade
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Coelomata vs. Pseudocoelomata vs. Acoelomata
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Subgrade
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Schizocoela vs. Enterocoela
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spicules
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microscopic needles...protein network of spongin fibers
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Phylum cnidaria
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jellyfish, sea anemones, corals
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nematocysts
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stinging cells with capsules inside...on tentacles
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gastrovascular cavity
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incomplete digestive tract...single opening serves as both mouth and anus
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Phylum platyhelminthes
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flatworms, flukes, tapeworms
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flame cells
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excretory system of phylum platyhelminthes
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proglottid
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each segement of a worms body (phylum platyhelminthes)
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Phylum Nematoda
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round worms
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bilateral symmetry
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two similar halves...right and left side
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radial symmetry
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any number of slices may be made that break organism into two similar sides
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spherical symmetry
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a cut through ANY axis of the organism produces similar halves
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asymmetrical symmetry
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a cut through an organism never produces two identical halves
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cephalization
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the development of a distinct head
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diploblastic
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two fundamental body layers
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ectoderm
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outer layer of cells...forms "skin"
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endoderm
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inner layer of cells...forms a digestive tract
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triploblastic
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three fundamental body layers
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mesoderm
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middle layer of cells...forms the muscles
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spiral egg cleavage
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cells in different layers are offset from one another
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radial cleavage
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cells line up side by side and one on top of another
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egg cleavage
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the division of the fertalized egg (zygote)
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protosome
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when blastopore becomes the mouth
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blastopore
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indentation in the side of the ball of cells (blastula)
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deuterostome
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when blastopore becomes the anus
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acoelomate
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if the mesoderm packs the internal area so that there is no body cavity
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pseudocoelomate
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if a body cavity exists but it is not lined by tissues from the mesoderm
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coelomate
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if a body cavity exists and it is lined by tissues from the mesoderm
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shizocoelomate
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if the mesoderm splits and surrounds the inside of the body cavity
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enterocoelomate
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if the mesoderm pouches off and surround the body cavity
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determinate egg cleavage
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at the four cell stage, cell fate is determined such that any one cell would develop into 1/4 of organism
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indeterminate egg cleavage
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at the four cell stage, cell fate is not yet determined such that any one cell would develop into the entire organism
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true segmentation
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(a.k.a. metamerism)...animal's body is divided into obvious repeating units; must include segmentation of deep tissues
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hydrostatic skeleton
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body fluids act as support...e.g. worms
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exoskeletons
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tough support systems on the outside of the organisms...e.g.shells of crabs, snails, and clams
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endoskeletons
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internal support systems...e.g. muscles, glands, & organs of humans
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incomplete digestive tract
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only one opening; food and waste move throught the same opening
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complete digestive tract
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two openings for mouth and anus; food and waste move in one direction
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closed circulatory system
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blood is confined to vessels; blodd stays in blood vessels throughout the entire circuit of the body
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open circulatory system
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blood does not circulate within vessels and allows blood flow between organs into large open spaces called sinuses
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