Biology2 Fish Notes Zack

Front 1

Ichtheology

Back 1

study of fish

Front 2

Fish phylum?

Back 2

Chordata

Front 3

Notochord

Back 3

Flexible rod that helps organize developing cells in embryo, replaced by spinal column in most vertebrates and supports organs

Front 4

Dorsal nerve cord

Back 4

spinal cord forms along dorsal side

Front 5

Pharyngeal pouches

Back 5

become gills in some verebrates, becomes back of throat and inner ear in humans

Front 6

Post anal tail

Back 6

Human embryo

Front 7

time for gill and tail

Back 7

Pharyngeal gill slits appear 4 weeks
post anal tail disappears around 8 weeks

Front 8

subphylum

Back 8

vertabrata

Front 9

characteristics of chordates

Back 9

-bones/cariliche around dorsal nerve cord
-Cranium(skull) to protect brain
-endoskeleton made of bone/cartilage
-closed circulatory system
-ventral heart

Front 10

How many species of fish?

Back 10

30k and most succesful

Front 11

Class Osteichthyes

Back 11

Bony fish

Front 12

Class Chondrichthyes

Back 12

Cartlige less evolved but more primative

Front 13

Ray finned fish have

Back 13

Spines in fins(no bones)

Front 14

Lobe finned fish have

Back 14

short stubby limbs(bones)

Front 15

Bony Fish characteristics

Back 15

Endoskeleton of bone

scales and fins

lungs or swim bladder

Front 16

Perch coloration

Back 16

Darker on top/lighter on bottom

Front 17

Perch body shape

Back 17

Streamlined

Front 18

Perch rays

Back 18

protection for fish

Front 19

Perch operculum

Back 19

Covers gills

water in through mouth and out through slit behind operculum.
pumps water over gills

Front 20

Perch nostrils

Back 20

Dead end pockets

smell

Front 21

Perch eye

Back 21

no eyelid

Front 22

Perch mouth

Back 22

teeth dont chew used to hold

Front 23

perch ears

Back 23

internal

Front 24

Lateral line

Back 24

detects water pressure and water vibrations

Front 25

anus

Back 25

exit for undigested waste

Front 26

Urogenital Opening(pore)

Back 26

exit for urine and egg/sperm

Front 27

gravid

Back 27

barring eggs(female)

Front 28

Reseration of Perch

Back 28

Countercuirent flow system-blood flows in oppisitee direction of water to increase movement of oxygen

Front 29

gas exchange in gills(diffusion)

Back 29

blood inside lower oxygen, higher carbon dioxide/outside gill, higher oxygen lower carbon dioxide

Front 30

Functions of gils

Back 30

Gas exchange

excrete nitorogenous waste as ammonia

Front 31

Freshwater fish live

Back 31

In hypotonic solution

Front 32

Hypotonic

Back 32

water is more consentrated outside of the fish than outside

Front 33

Hypotinic solution

Back 33

water constantly moving in
ions constantly moving out

Front 34

Freshwater fish must

Back 34

Constantly urinate to remove excess water

actively pum ions through gills

Front 35

Saltwater fish live in a

Back 35

Hypertonic solution

Front 36

Hypertonic solution

Back 36

Ions are constantly enterinc its body

water is constantly leaving body through skin

Front 37

Saltwater fish tend to

Back 37

Dehydrate

drink sea water

urinate less to conserve water

activly transport ions out thorugh gills

Front 38

Reproduction of perch

Back 38

Most fish have external fertilization

Front 39

External fertilization

Back 39

Females lay eggs males spread sperm across eggs

Front 40

Young fish are called

Back 40

Fry

Front 41

Swim Bladder used for

Back 41

Buoyancy-to move up and down

Front 42

There is no swim bladder in

Back 42

Chondrichthyes

Front 43

Liver

Back 43

Improved digestive gland

Digests fatty substance

stores glycogen(energy)

stores vitamins

processes toxins for removal by excretory system

Front 44

Gall bladder

Back 44

stores bile made by liver then releases into small intestine when needed

Front 45

Digestive system

Back 45

Pharynx

Isophagus

cardiac stomach

pyloric saeca

duodenum

Front 46

functions of stomach

Back 46

add acid and digestive juices

starts digestion

grind food

Front 47

functions of intestine

Back 47

First section releaves bile from liver/gallbladder

finishes digestion

absorbs nutrients

collects and removes digestive waste

Front 48

Villi

Back 48

in intesine surface area of intestinal wall for greater absorption of nutrients

Front 49

function of pyloric caeca

Back 49

Contain microorganisms(bacteria) to break down enzymes

Front 50

Function of Pancreas

Back 50

Digestive function-makes tryspin for intestine

endocrine makes two harmones to regulate blood sugar

-Insuline-cells take up and store glucose

-glucagon-cells release storedglucose to blood

Front 51

fuctions of the heart

Back 51

ventricle-pumping chamber
oxygen poor boood comming from body enters sinus venosos(large vein)-enters atrium
ventricle pumps blood. conus arterlousus(artery)-to gills(loads oxygen)

Front 52

function of spleen

Back 52

produces new red blood cells

produces and destroys old worn out red blood cells

Stores RBC's for release when neeeded

Front 53

Function of Kidney

Back 53

collects and removes nitrogenous waste(ammonia)

asmoregulation- manintain water/ion balence

Front 54

Urinary bladder

Back 54

Stores urine made by kidneys