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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Types of blood vessels associated with the circulatory system |
1. Arteries 2. Arterioles 3. Capillaries 4. Venules 5. Veins |
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Arterioles |
Arteries grow smaller and become these. They eventually become cqpillaries |
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Capillaries |
Exchange vessels |
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Venules |
Capillaries unite to form these Unite to form veins |
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Endothelium |
Simple squamous epithelium Provides a smooth surface to facilitate blood flow in the tunica interna |
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What is the smallest blood vessel and what is it composed of? |
Capillaries are composed of simple squamous epithelium |
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Ways to compare arteries, veins, and capillaries |
1. Blood pressure 2. Velocity of blood flow 3. Total cross sectional area |
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Blood vessels listed by blood pressure from high to low |
Arteries Capillaries Veins |
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List of blood vessels according to velocity of blood flow from high to low |
Arteries Veins Capillaries |
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Total cross sectional area |
Total area within the body |
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List of blood vessels according to total cross sectional area from high to low |
Capillaries Veins Arteries |
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What is the benefit of the slow velocity of blood flow in capillaries |
It facilitates the exchange of materials |
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How do substances move across the capillaries? |
Diffusion Osmosis Filtration |
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How does filtration play a role in the movement of substances across the capillaries? |
Hydrostatic pressure drives the separation of smaller molecules from larger ones |
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Pressure forces that determine the flow of water dissolved substances into and out of capillaries |
Osmotic pressure Hydrostatic pressure |
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CHP |
Capillary hydrostatic pressure Promotes an outward force (filtration on arteriole end) |
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COP |
Capillary osmotic pressure Promotes an inward force and movement (reabsorption on venule end of capillary) |
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Varietal characteristics of capillaries |
Capillary permeability Capillary arrangement Capillary blood flow regulation |
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Capillary permeability |
Structurally, some capillaries are more permeable than others |
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What are the organs with capillaries that have the highest permeability? |
Liver Small intestines |
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What has the least permeable capillaries associated with it? |
The brain |
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What do the capillaries of the brain form? |
Blood brain barrier |
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Blood brain barrier |
A protective mechanism that prevents pathogens from entering the brain Also makes it more difficult for medications to reach the brain |
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Capillary Arrangement |
Tissues with high metabolisms have extensive capillary networks |
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Tissue with extensive capillary networks |
Muscle Nerves |
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Avascular |
Tissue with no capillary arrangement |
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Examples of avascular tissue |
Cartilage Epithelial tissue |
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Capillary blood flow regulation |
Blood flow through the capillaries is regulated by pre capillary sphincters and anastomosis |
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Pre capillary Sphincters |
Smooth muscle valves that regulate the flow of blood into and out of capillary networks based on need When closed, most of the blood bypasses capillary networks |
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Anastomosis |
Bypass vessel of capillary networks that connects an arteriole to a venule |
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Which vessel is considered a blood reservoir? What does this mean? |
Veins Most of the blood circulating in our bodies is contained in the veins at any one time |
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What makes veins structurally unique? |
They posses valves, which prevent the backflow of blood |
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What aids in the return of veinous blood flow to the heart? |
Valves Respiration Exercise Venoconstriction |
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How does respiration aid in blood flow to the heart? |
It decreases pressure in the thoracic cavity |
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How does exercise aid in the return of blood to the heart? |
Muscle contractions massage veins |
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Venoconstriction |
Vasoconstriction of veins |
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What is an example of a substance that moves across the capillary through filtration? |
Glucose |
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What substance moves across the capillary via diffusion? |
O2 and CO2 |
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What are three responses the body might exhibit to low oxygen levels in muscle tissue? |
1. Nervous system => heart => increase in HR and SV => Increase in CO 2. NS => pre capillary sphincters open => increase blood flow to tissue 3. NS => kidney => erythropoietin => erythropoiesis => increase in RBC |
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