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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biology
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The study of life |
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Cell
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Make up of all organisms
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Multicellular
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Being made up of 2 or more cells
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Unicellular
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Made up of only one cell
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Prokaryotic cells
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Simple cells lacking organelles
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Eukaryotic cells
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Complex cells containing organelles
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Homeostasis
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The internal balance of an organism
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Sexual reproduction
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Reproduction with 2 parents
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Asexual reproduction
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Reproduction with only one parent
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Autotrophs
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Organisms that make their own food
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Heterotrophs
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Organisms that must eat to get their energy
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Polarity
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A compound with both a positive and negative end
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Adhesion
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Water molecules sticking to a surface other than water
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Cohesion
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Water molecules sticking to each other
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Organic compound
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A compound containing carbon
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Polymer/biomolecule
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A large organic molecule made from monomers
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Monomers
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Subunits that join together to form polymers
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Dehydration synthesis
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Reaction joining 2 monomers together and removing water simultaneously
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Hydrolysis
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Reaction that breaks monomers apart by adding water
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Carbohydrates
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Organic compounds that are our first source of energy |
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Proteins
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Organic compound used to build muscles, hair, nails, and enzymes
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Nucleic acids
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Organic compounds that hold our genetic information
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Lipids
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Organic compounds that are responsible for building the plasma membrane and are our second source of energy |
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Enzymes
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Proteins that speed up the rate of a reaction by acting as catalysts
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Catalyst
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Speeds up the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy
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Active site
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Location on an enzyme where the substrate bonds
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Denatured
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What an enzyme becomes when its shape changes and it no longer works
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Organelles
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"Little organs" within a cell with a specific purpose |
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Cell wall
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An organelle that provides shape and support to plant and bacteria cells
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Lysosomes
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"Trash collectors" of the cell that are responsible for digesting diseased or worn-out organelles |
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ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
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Energy source for the cell
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Photosynthesis
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Process that turns light energy into chemical energy |
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Chloroplast
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Organelles containing chlorophyll where photosynthesis occurs |
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Chlorophyll
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A green pigment that is responsible for capturing light energy for photosynthesis |
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Stomata
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Opening on a leaf that allows for gas exchange
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Cellular respiration
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Process of turning glucose into ATP
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Mitochondria
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Organelle found in all eukaryotic cells that carries out the process of cellular respiration
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Glycolysis
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The first step of cellular respiration that occurs with or without oxygen present
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Lactic acid fermentation
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Anaerobic respiration that occurs in animals where lactic acid is produced instead of ATP |
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Alcoholic fermentation
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Anaerobic respiration that occurs in plants and Unicellular organisms where ethyl alcohol is produced instead of ATP |
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Plasma membrane
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Outer boundary of the cell that is semi-permeable and is made up of a phospholipid bilayer |
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