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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Population Growth rate =
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Birthrate - death rate
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What are the three types of density and dispersion
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Clustered, uniform, random
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Why do some animals live in clusters
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Protection and hunting
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Why do some animals live in uniformed areas?
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They are territorial, and to protect an area containing the density of resources they need
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Why do some organisms live randomly?
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Seed dispersal by wind, and inability to choose location
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In type III survivorship curves...
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Only the best survive because parents have lots of offspring and no care
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In type I survivorship curves...
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Only the worst are eliminated because parents have few offspring but insure their survival
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Growth (G)
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Number of individuals added to the population
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N =
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Size of population
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r =
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Number of new individuals added to the population per individual, per time period
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What factors helped limit population growth?
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Limited resources
disease carrying capacity (K) |
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What is the population called when it has reached carrying capacity
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A stable population (birthrate = death rate)
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What are the types of factors that limit population growth
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Density dependent factors
abiotic factors (i.e. hurricane) |
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What is the boom and bust cycle?
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A prey population gets high, so the predator population rises as well and eats the surplus prey and then dies off and start over
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Intraspecific
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Competition between the same species
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Interspecific
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Competition between different species
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Competition
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- -
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Mutualism
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+ +
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Predation
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+ -
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Herbivory
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+ -
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Parasites and pathogens
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+ -
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Competitive exclusion
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Competition leads to the elimination of one of the competitors from the community
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Resource partitioning
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Each species will focus on the range of resources that they are best at using
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Character displacement
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Over time they involved so they are no longer competing
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Competition occurs when...
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Fundamental niches overlap
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Symbiotic relationship
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Two organisms that live in close proximity to one another
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Mutualism
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+ +
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comencelism
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+ no effect
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Parasitism
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+ -
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What are the trophic levels?
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Producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, Quaternary consumers
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Detrivores
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Consume detritus
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Decomposers
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Break down organic material into inorganic forms
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Camouflage
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Used to blend with surroundings and hide from predators
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Warning coloration
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Use bright colors to show poisonousness
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batesian mimicry
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Copies the warning colors of poisonous species
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mullerian mimicry
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Different poisonous species use same coloration
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Plant adaptations
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Things that make it hard to eat the plant (i.e. thornes)
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Species diversity
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Amount of different species in the area
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Species richness
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measure of different species in an area
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Keystone species
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A species whose impact is disproportionate to its abundance; if this species is removed the community can no longer function properly
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Disturbance
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Storms, floods, fires, drought, overgrazing, human activity, etc. anything that damages communities
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Primary succession
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Begins from a virtually lifeless area
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Secondary succession
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Begins after a community has been destroyed but the soil is generally intact
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Succession
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change in the species that occurs in the community over time
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Invasive species
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Because it has no predators or competitors, it grows uncontrollably
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