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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 3 accomplishments for which we should thank plants for? |
1. They convert light energy to useful chemical energy 2. They convert carbon dioxide into organic molecules such as carbs 3. They release oxygen gas (O2) from water |
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Organize the following items from largest to smallest: - Ultraviolet - Microwaves - Gamma Rays - X-rays - Radiowaves - Visible light - Infrared |
1. Gamma Rays 2. X-Rays 3. Ultraviolet 4. Visible Light 5. Microwaves 6. Radio Waves |
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Name the 4 major colors of photosynthetic pigments |
1. Green = Chlorophyll a 2. Blue = Chlorophyll b 3. Orange = Carotenoid 4. Yellow = Xanthophyll |
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A green photosynthetic pigment is which of the following Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, Carotenoid, or Xanthophyll |
Chlorophyll a |
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A blue photosynthetic pigment is which of the following Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, Carotenoid, or Xanthophyll |
Chlorophyll b
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A orange photosynthetic pigment is which of the following Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, Carotenoid, or Xanthophyll |
Carotenoid |
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A yellow photosynthetic pigment is which of the following Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, Carotenoid, or Xanthophyll |
Xanthophyll |
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Which of the 4 major photosynthetic pigments are chlorophylls? |
Green (a) and Blue (b) |
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Which of the 4 major photosynthetic pigments are carotenoids? |
Orange |
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What colors of light are best absorbed by the photosynthetic pigments and why? |
Red and Blue/Violet because the structure of the pigment molecules (chlorophyll A and B) allows them to absorb photons more efficiently. |
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Name the 6 parts of the chloroplast |
1. Outer Membrane 2. Inner Membrane 3. Grana 4. Thylakoid Membranes 5. Thylakoid Space 6. Stroma |
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What is the major outcome of light dependent reactions? What do light dependent reactions do? |
-Light energy is used to split water (photolysis). -The broken down water makes oxygen, hydrogen, and electrons. -Chemiosmosis occurs which makes ATP. -Hydrogen (and NAD+) is converted to NADPH. |
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Where does the light dependent reaction take place in the chloroplast? |
In the Thylakoid and Thylakoid Space |
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What are the major outcomes of light independent reactions? |
- Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is converted into glucose (carbs) - Oxidation of NADPH to NAD, uses ATP. - Calvin Cycle does all of the above. |
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Where in the chloroplasts do light independent reactions take place? |
The Stroma |
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Describe the structure of a photosystem |
- Protein complexes found in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts - Consists of pigments chlorophyll a, b, caratenoids, and an electron acceptor - Photo Systems I and II |
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Describe the function of a photosystem |
- Photosystem II - PS680 absorbs light at 680 nm (orange) - Photosystem I - PS700 - absorbs light optimally at 700 nm (red) |
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What is the Calvin Cycle? |
It is the set of chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis. Happens only during the light-independent cycle. |
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Is the Calvin Cycle a light-dependent reaction or light-independent reaction? |
Light-independent cycle
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What is the function of ribulose bisphosphate
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Also known as RuBisCO, it is an enzyme used to speed up the first step of the Calvin Cycle which is combining a sugar molecule (5 carbon atoms_ with a carbon dioxide atom to form a 6-carbon sugar molecule. |
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What is the major accomplishment of the Calvin Cycle? |
Produces Carbon Dioxide into Carbohydrates |
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What are the major reactants and products of the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis? |
Reactants: Light, water, APD, NADP+ Products: Oxygen, ATP, NADPH |
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What are the major reactants and products of light independent reactions of photosynthesis? |
Reactants: Carbon Dioxide, Water, Products: Ribulose Biphosphate, Glucose |
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What molecules that are produced in the light dependent reactions required for light independent reaction? What are they used for? |
NADPH and ATP |
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How is water split during the light dependent reaction? |
Through Hydrolysis |
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How is oxygen released during the light-dependent reactions? |
When water splits during the light cycle. |
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What is photophosphorylation? |
Light energy used from photosynthesis used to provide the energy to convert ADP to ATP. |
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How is NADP reduced? |
1 |
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What are the differences between the cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphyorylation? |
1 |
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Is water a major reactant or product in the overall reaction for photosynthesis? |
1 |
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Is light energy a major reactant or product in the overall reaction for photosynthesis? |
1 |
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Are carbohydrates a major reactant or product in the overall reaction for photosynthesis? |
1 |
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Is oxygen gas a major reactant or product in the overall reaction for photosynthesis? |
1 |
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Is carbon dioxide a major reactant or product in the overall reaction for photosynthesis? |
1 |
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What is a photosynthetic pigment? |
It is a pigment that is present in the chloroplasts that captures light energy needed for photosynthesis. |
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Step 1 of Calvin Cycle |
A sugar molecule made of 5 carbon atoms combines with carbon dioxide to form a 6-carbon sugar. An enzyme called RuBisCO speeds this up. |
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Step 2 of Calvin Cycle |
Phosphoglycerate is reduced with hydrogen atoms from the light-dependent reaction to form 2 molecules of triose phosphate. Each molecule has 3 carbon atoms. ATP is needed for this. |
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Step 3 of Calvin Cycle |
Some triose phopsphate is converted (using ATP) back into Ribulose Biphosphate (the sugar) which is why it's called a cycle. |
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Step 4 of Calvin Cycle |
The rest is left over to produce glucose. |
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Step 1 of Light Dependent Reaction |
Capture light/photons by proteins photosystem I and II |
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Step 2 of Light Dependent Reaction |
Produce oxygen from the hydrolysis (splitting) of water |
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Step 3 of Light Dependent Reaction |
Reduce coenzymes NAD+ to NADPH |
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Step 4 of Light Dependent Reaction |
Convert ADP to ATP using ATP Synthase |