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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What cells are Lethal |
S cells |
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What cells become a cells |
R cells |
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What are the characteristics of dna |
Double stranded Directional 5’ and 3’ Complimentary Bases are a t g and c And contains deoxyribose sugar |
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DNA replication is what |
Semi conservative |
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What initiates DNA replication |
RNA primase |
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What are the steps of DNA replication in order |
Initiation elongation and termination |
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What is the DNA backbone composed of |
A sugar deoxyribose and a phosphate group |
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The DNA backbone is what |
Directional |
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What does chargoff's rules state |
A is to T G is to C |
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Is DNA parallel or antiparallel |
Antiparallel |
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Two strands of DNA are held together by |
Hydrogen bond |
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What is the enzyme involved to replicate DNA |
DNA polymerase 3 |
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Why is DNA antiparallel |
Because when scaring goes in One Direction and the other goes in another Direction |
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What does it mean when DNA melts |
Double-stranded become single stranded and hydrogen bonds are broken |
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In prokaryotic DNA replication what does the DNA look like |
Circular DNA |
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What is the branching of DNA as it unwinds called |
The fork |
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What melts DNA |
Helicase |
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What enzyme relieves twisting in DNA |
Topoisomerase |
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DNA replication is what type of process |
Anabolic |
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What are the substrates in DNA polymerase |
Nucleotide triphosphates |
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What makes RNA primer |
Primase |
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what is copied in One Direction |
DNA |
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What extends the primer |
DNA polymerase 3 |
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What replaces the primer |
DNA polymerase 1 |
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What links DNA strands |
DNA ligase |
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What strands separate during DNA replication |
Replication forks strands |
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What are the characteristics of a leading strand |
It grows in one long strand grows towards the replication fork initiates with RNA primer made by RNA primase DNA nucleotides added with DNA polymerase 3 |
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What are the characteristics of a lagging strand |
Contains okazaki fragments grows away from replication fork grows toward origin of replication each fragment initiate with RNA primer DNA nucleotides added with DNA polymerase 3 RNA from okazaki fragment replaced by DNA polymerase 1 fragments joined by DNA ligase |
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What are the six enzymes required for DNA replication |
DNA polymerase 3 DNA polymerase 1 RNA primase helicase Topoisomerase ligase |
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What AIDS in DNA repair |
Thymine dimer |
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DNA is lengthened by what and AR found at the end of DNA |
Telomerase and telomeres |
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What are proteins that pack |
Histones |
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What is the structure of a chromosome called |
Nucleosomes |
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What does the polymerase Chain Reaction do |
Amplify Target DNA primers anneal to ends of Target DNA |
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In bacteria where does transcription and translation take place |
In cytoplasm |
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Where does transcription and translation take place in eukaryotic cells |
And nucleus for transcription at ribosome in cytoplasm for translation |
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What are the characteristics of the genetic code |
Is universal unambiguous redundant and 3 stop nonsense |
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What does transcription require |
A promoter a gene regulation and initiation complex |
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What factors bind DNA |
Transcription factors |
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What do transcription factors do |
Turn on Gina regulate and bring RNA polymerase II to promoter |
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What is the Tata box and what does it do |
It is a promoter and the RNA polymerase binds to it |
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Transcription elongation requires |
MRNA transcript and RNA polymerase |
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What links RNA nucleotides |
RNA polymerase |
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Transcription unit is encoded by what |
A gene |
