Bio Test 2 Chapter 5

Front 1

Phospholipids

Back 1

Are responsible for the isolating functions of membranes

Front 2

Phospholipid bilayer

Back 2

fluid portion of the membrane

Front 3

Membrane Proteins

Back 3

-Enzymes

-Recognition Proteins

-Receptor Proteins

-Connection Proteins

-Transport Proteins

Front 4

Enzymes

Back 4

proteins that promote chemical reactions that synthesize or break apart biological molecules

Front 5

Receptor Proteins

Back 5

trigger cellular responses upon binding of specific molecules, such as hormones sent by other cells

Front 6

Recognition Proteins

Back 6

glycoproteins that serve as identification tags on the surface of a cell

Front 7

Connection Proteins

Back 7

anchor cell membranes in various ways

Front 8

Transport Proteins

Back 8

regulate the movement of hydrophillic molecules through the plasma membrane

Front 9

Solute

Back 9

Substance that can be dissolved

Front 10

Solvent

Back 10

fluid capable of dissolving a solute

Front 11

Concentration of a substance

Back 11

defines the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent

Front 12

Gradient

Back 12

Physical difference in temperature, pressure, charge, or concentration of a particular substance

Front 13

Concentration Gradients

Back 13

differences in solute concentrations across membranes

Front 14

Diffusion

Back 14

The movement of solutes from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration

Front 15

Selectively Permeable

Back 15

only allow certain ions or molecules to permeate

Front 16

Passive Transport

Back 16

the diffusion of substances across cell membranes down concentration gradients (Simple diffusion, facillitated diffusion, and osmosis)

Front 17

Energy Recquring Transport

Back 17

transport that recquires the use of cellular energy

Front 18

Simple Diffusion

Back 18

Process by which molecules diffuse directly through the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes

Front 19

Facilitated Diffusion

Back 19

type of transport that allows substances to cross membranes with the assistance of special transport proteins

Front 20

Osmosis

Back 20

the diffusion of water across selectively permeable membranes

Front 21

Isotonic

Back 21

have equal concentrations of water and equal concentrations of dissolved substances

Front 22

Hypertonic

Back 22

has a greater solute concentration

Front 23

Hypotonic

Back 23

has a lesser solute concentration

Front 24

Turgor Pressure

Back 24

Water pressure within a vacuole

Front 25

Pintocytosis

Back 25

moves liquids into the cell

Front 26

Receport mediated endocytosis

Back 26

moves specific molecules into the cell

Front 27

Phagocytosis

Back 27

moves large particles into the cell

Front 28

4 Major Cell Connecting Structures

Back 28

-Desmosomes

-Tight Junctions

-Gap Junctions

-Plasmodesmata (Plant Cells)

Front 29

Desmosomes

Back 29

attachment structures that join cells in tissues that are repeatedly stretched

Front 30

Tight Junctions

Back 30

Are formed by proteins that span the plasma membranes at corresponding sites on adjacent cells

Front 31

Gap Junctions

Back 31

cell to cell protein channels allowing for passage of hormones, nutrients, and ions in animal cells

Front 32

Plasmodesmota

Back 32

Plant cells have holes in the walls of adjacent cells forming cytoplasmic connections