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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
flowers
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the plant's reproductive structure
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angiosperm
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types of plants that produce fruits and flowers to reproduce
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receptacle
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part of the branch where the flower forms
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sepals
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leaf like structures that surround and protect the flower before it blooms
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petals
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colorful part of the flower that attracts pollinators
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carpels
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female reproductive part of a flower
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pistil (and three parts of the pistil)
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all the carpels fused together makes a pistil
1) Stigma- at the top, sticky, the pollen attaches to the stigma 2) Style- long tube that attaches stigma to the ovary 3) Ovary and Ovules- The ovules (the eggs) are stored in the ovary until fertilized |
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stamens
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male reproductive part of the flower
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Anther
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each stamen has an anther which produces pollen and filament
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what happens when the ovules are fertilized?
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they develop into seeds and sometimes into fruit
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sporophyte
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diploid generation
like a tree |
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yametophyte
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haploid generation
like flowers and fruit |
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Haploid
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when the thing only has half the number of chromosomes
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Diploid
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when the thing has a full set of chromosomes
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How might have plants evolved from algae?
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some algae that lived in shallow water mutated to survive on land
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what are the 6 adaptations plants have for overcoming living on land
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1) Leaves
2) Stomata (to keep moisture in) 3) Roots 4) Vascular tissue and Xylem and Phloem (to carry nutrients) 5) Alternation generation between Haploid and Diploid 6) Cuticles (to preserve the leaf) |
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Bryophyte- and example- and dominant generation
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moss- The haploid generation
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Pteridophytes- and example- and dominant generation
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fern- the Diploid generation
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Moss- reproduction and alternation generation cycle
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1) Moss is made of a bunch of fibers stuck together-- some are female and some are male (Haploid generation so its the dominant generation)
2) When it rains the male fibers release sperm that swim to the female fiber 3) A brown stalk (capsule) grow out of the female fiber (Diploid) 4) The capsule releases spores and the spores grow more fibers |
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Fern- reproduction and alternation generation cycle
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1) Has little heart shaped things lined up in rows (Haploid)
2) Each heart has a female and male region 3) When it rains the male region fertilizes the female region 4) A leaf grows out of the heart (DIPLOID so this is the dominant generation) 5) The leaf releases spores and the spores grow more hearts |
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which is the dominant generation in ferns and moss?
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Fern- Diploid (the leaf that grows out) b/c it grows the spores
Moss- HAPLOID (the fibers) b/c they grow the spores |
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why is it better to be a sporophyte (diploid is the dominant generation)
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b/c you have more genes so you can adapt easier-- its easier to create variation b/c you need fertilization first-- it creates variation to be able to reproduce sexually
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Diffusion
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where each individual cell in the organism is responsible for gathering O2 and excreting-- basically they have to take care of themselves
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Regeneration
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when a piece of the organism can break off and grow a new organism
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Reproduction cycle of a jellyfish (Cnidaria)
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1) Medusa- Form of Jellyfish- some are boys and some are girls
2) One jelly drops a sperm and one jelly drops an egg 3) The sperm fertilizes the egg and a zygote is formed (Sexual)- the zygote falls the the floor 4) Polyp forms from the zygote- polyp is the stationary form of Medusa 5) Lots of baby medusas hatch from the polyp (ASEXUAL) and grow up to be jellyfish |
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3 types of body plans and what are they
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1) Radial- round- like jellyfish
2) Bilateral- symmetrical-- like a worm and like humans 3) Asemetrical- no real body plan- like sponges |
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Pseudocoelumate
Acoelumate |
P- means they have a coelum
A- means they don't have a coelum |
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Coelum
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the hollowness in an organism
we have a coelum because we are hollow-- thats how our organs fit inside |
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Porifera
Body plan Circ Resp Excre Repro |
Sponges
Asemetrical- no openings Diffusion Diffusion Diffusion Asexual- regeneration |
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Sessiele
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non motile (non moving)
Porifera are sessieles |
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Cnidaria
Body Circ Resp Excre Repro |
Jellyfish, hydra, anenamie
Radial-- One opening None Diffusion Diffusion Alternation generation (sexual and Asexual) |
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Nerve net
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the simple nervous system of Cnidaria
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Nematocysts
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the name Cnidaria comes from this
this is what the cnidaria use to sting things |
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Platyhelminth
Blody Circ Resp Excre Repro |
Flatworms, tapeworms
Bilateral- 2 openings None Diffusion Out of the cavity at the end of the digestive tract Sexual and regeneration (asexual) |
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Scolex
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the head of the platyhelminth that is used to latch on to the host
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ganglion
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simple brain of a platyhelminth
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gastrovascular cavity
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the single cavity (digestive tract) in a platyhelminth
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Which phylum have a coelum?
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Nematoda
Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda Echinodemata |
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Nematoda
BOdy Circ Resp Excre Reprod |
Roundworms, pinworms, heartworms
Bilateral- mouth and anus for digestive tract None None None Sexual- asexual HAVE SIMPLE ORGANS AND MUSCLES FOR MOVEMENT can get it in a sandbox |
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Mollusca
body circ resp excre repro |
Squid snails
Bilateral-- 2 openings-- has a foot for movement Open circulatory system Gills Out of the end Sexual |
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Radula
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tongue used by Mollusca to scrape food
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Mantle
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used by Mollusca to grow the shell
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Annelida
BOdy Circ Resp Excre Repdo |
Earthworms and leeches
Bilateral-- 2 openings Complete digestive tract Closed circulatory system and 5 hearts Diffusion out the end Sexual |
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nephridium
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way Annelida get rid of their waste
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Arthropoda
Body Circ Resp Excre Repro |
grasshoppers, ants,insects
Bilateral-- two openings Open circulatory system Lungs and gills Malpighian (used for excretion) Sexual has eyes, brain, organs |
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Echinodermata
Body Circ Resp Excre Repro |
starfish
Radial Closed circ system Gills out the end regeneration and sexual has tube feet that help them stick to stuff |
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osculum
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the curved in depression in some poriferas (sponges)
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