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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Photosynthesis process |
CO2+H2O+ light energy->C6H12+O2+H2O |
CO2 is reduced H2O is oxidized |
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Heterotroph |
Must eat food to sustain life |
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Autotroph |
Makes organic molecules from inorganic sources |
Fungus / Self |
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Photoautotroph |
Uses light as a source of energy |
Plants / Self sustaining |
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Where does the majority of Photosynthesis occur in the leaves? |
Mesophyll |
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Stomata |
Pores in a plant leaf |
On bottom of plant |
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Where are pigments stored? |
Thylakoid membrane |
Third membrane |
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Granum |
Stack of thylakoids |
Stack of quarters |
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Stroma |
The fluid filled region between thylakoids membrane and inner membrane |
Like the cytosol in a cell |
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What two things does the thylakoid membrane do? |
- Membrane forms thylakoids - Encloses thylakoid lumen |
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What are the two stages of photosynthesis? |
Light reactions / Calvin cycle |
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- Uses light energy - Takes place in thylakoid membranes - Produces ATP, NADPH, and O2 |
Light reactions |
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- Occurs in Stroma - Uses ATP and NADPH to incorporate CO2 into carbohydrate |
Calvin Cycle |
Doesn't require light |
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More thylakoid = ? |
More photosynthesis |
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When NADP reduces hydrogens it = ? |
NADPH |
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Photo phosphorylation |
ATP synthesis in chloroplasts are achieved by a chemiosmosis mechanism |
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What is the end goal of the Calvin cycle? |
To have CO2 incorporated into carbohydrates |
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Calvin Cycle |
For every 6CO2 incorporated, 18 ATP and 12 NADPH must be used |
Requires a massive input of energy |
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Phase 1 of Calvin Cycle |
Carbon Fixation |
Building carbon chain |
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Rubisco |
CO2 incorporated into RuBP |
Happens in carbon fixation |
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3PG |
Reaction product to a six-carbon intermediate that splits into two pyruvate (3PG) |
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Phase 2 of Calvin Cycle |
Reduction and carbohydrate production |
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Phase 3 of Calvin Cycle |
Regeneration of RuBP |
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Three environmental conditions that can influence the Calvin cycle |
- Light intensity - Temperature - Water availability |
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Three environmental conditions that can influence the Calvin cycle |
- Light intensity - Temperature - Water availability |
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Rubisco functions as a ? |
Carboxylase |
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How can rubisco also be an oxygenase? |
- Adds O2 to RuBP eventually releasing O2 - Called photorespiration |
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How can rubisco also be an oxygenase? |
- Adds O2 to RuBP eventually releasing O2 - Called photorespiration |
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What condition is photorespiration likely used? |
- Hot and dry environments - When CO2 is low and O2 is high |
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How can rubisco also be an oxygenase? |
- Adds O2 to RuBP eventually releasing O2 - Called photorespiration |
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What condition is photorespiration likely used? |
- Hot and dry environments - When CO2 is low and O2 is high |
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C3 plant |
Trees, bushes |
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How can rubisco also be an oxygenase? |
- Adds O2 to RuBP eventually releasing O2 - Called photorespiration |
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What condition is photorespiration likely used? |
- Hot and dry environments - When CO2 is low and O2 is high |
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C3 plant |
Trees, bushes |
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C4 plant |
Corn, grains, grass, wheat, barley |
Corn |
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How can rubisco also be an oxygenase? |
- Adds O2 to RuBP eventually releasing O2 - Called photorespiration |
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What condition is photorespiration likely used? |
- Hot and dry environments - When CO2 is low and O2 is high |
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C3 plant |
Trees, bushes |
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C4 plant |
Corn, grains, grass, wheat, barley |
Corn |
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CAM plants |
Aloe, cactus |
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What's the difference between CAM plants and C3/4 plants? |
CAM plants open stomatas at night to conserve water during the day |
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What do C4 plants make? |
Oxaloacetate (4 carbon molecule) |
First step of carbon fixation |
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90% of plants are? |
c3 |
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Location of light reaction? |
Thylakoid membrane |
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Reactants of Light Reaction? |
Light, H2O, NADP, ADP |
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Reactants of Light Reaction? |
Light, H2O, NADP, ADP |
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Products of Light reaction? |
ATP, NADPH, O2 |
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Location of Calvin Cycle? |
Stroma |
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Reactants of Calvin Cycle? |
ATP, NADPH, CO2 |
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Products of Calvin Cycle? |
Carbs, NADPH, ADP |
Carbs=end goal |
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Active site |
Back (Definition) |
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Enzyme substrate complex |
Back (Definition) |
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Allosteric site |
Back (Definition) |
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What happens in competitive inhibition? |
Something that blocks the active site not allowing the substrate in |
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Hydrolysis |
Break down using h2o |
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Exergonic |
SPONTANEOUS Energy is released by reaction |
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Endergonic |
NOT SPONTANEOUS requires addition of energy to drive reaction |
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Lock & key substrate binding |
Only the right key (substrate) will fit in the lock (enzyme) |
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Enzymes are |
Proteins |
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2 ways to make ATP |
Substrate-level phosphorylation/chemiosmosis |
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Enzyme directly transfers phosphate from one molecule to another molecule |
Substrate level phosphorylation |
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Chemiosmosis |
Energy stored in an electrochemical gradient is used to make ATP from ADP and P |
Makes huge volumes in short time |
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Redox reaction |
Electron moved from one molecule added to another |
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Oxidation (OIL) |
Removal of electrons
Oxidation is lose |
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Oxidation (OIL) |
Removal of electrons
Oxidation is lose |
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Reduction |
Addition of electrons
Reduction is gain |
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Glucose |
C6H12O6 |
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NADH = ? |
Taxicab |
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Anabolic reactions |
Building reactions that need energy to drive reactions |
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Main goal of photosynthesis? |
Create energy (glucose) |
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What happens when glycolysis is performed over and over? |
Fermentation |
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Chemiosmosis = |
Oxidative phosphorylation |
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Metabolism |
Sum product of reactions |
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