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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Homology vs. Analogy
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Homologous structures share a common phylogeny, analogous structures have similar functions but not the same phylogenetic origin
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Divergence vs. Convergence
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Divergence yields new and different forms, convergence yields similar forms often from unrelated origins
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Taxon vs. Clade
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Each Taxon (e.g. a Class) includes all the taxa in the next finer level (e.g. Orders). Taxonomy thus is a hierarchy, a set of levels but might not be phylogenetically accurate. Each Clade (e.g. a Class) includes all the ancestral species of the group and all their descendants. Cladistics is thus a hierarchy that is strictly based on shared derived characters and seeks phylogenetic historical accuracy.
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Monophyletic (Clade), Paraphyletic, Polyphyletic groups
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Monophyletic has ONE ancestral origin and includes all descendants = best Paraphyletic fails to include all descendants Polyphyletic includes some with different ancestors |
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