Bio Lecture Test 7 Genetics

Front 1

sexchromosomes

Back 1

chromosomes X and Y which determine genetic sex

Front 2

autosomes

Back 2

chromosomes 1-22; all the chromosomes except for the sex chromosomes

Front 3

karyotype

Back 3

deploid chromosome complememt typically shown as homologous chromosome paires arranged from longest to shortest

Front 4

genome

Back 4

complete set of chromosomes derived from one parent or two sets of chromosomes

Front 5

homozygous

Back 5

having identical genes at more than one loci

Front 6

heterozygous

Back 6

having different allelic genes at one locus or many loci

Front 7

dominant

Back 7

when one allele masks or suppresses the expression of its partner

Front 8

recessive

Back 8

a trait due to a particular allele that does not manifest itself in the presence of other alleles that generate traits dominant to it

Front 9

genotype

Back 9

one's genetic makeup or genes

Front 10

phenotype

Back 10

observable expression fo the genotype

Front 11

segregation

Back 11

during meiosis, the distribution of the members of the allele pair to different gametes

Front 12

independent assortment

Back 12

alleles on different pairs of homologous chromosomes are distributed independently of each other

Front 13

linked traits

Back 13

genes on the same chromosome that are physicall connected and transmitted as a unit to daughter cells during mitosis

Front 14

recombinant chromosomes

Back 14

occur when segments with their homologous counterparts ending in chromosomes with mixed contributions from each parent

Front 15

chiasma

Back 15

space where crossover occurs

Front 16

dominant-recessive inheritance

Back 16

reflects the interaction of dominant and recessive alleles

Front 17

incomplete inheritance

Back 17

the heterozygote has a phenotype intermediate between those of homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive individuals

Front 18

multiple-allele inheritance

Back 18

some genes exhibit more than two allel forms although we only inherit two alleles for each gene

Front 19

sex-linked inheritance

Back 19

inherited traits determined by genes on the sex chromosomes

Front 20

polygene inheritance

Back 20

phenotypes depend on several gene pairs at different locations acting at tandem and results in continuous phenotypic variation between two extremes

Front 21

genomic imprinting

Back 21

during gametogenesis, certain genes in both sperm and eggs are modified by menthyl and the allele can have different effects depending on which parent it comes from

Front 22

extrachromosomal inheritance

Back 22

mitochondrial genes are transmitted to the offspring almost exclusively by the mother

Front 23

carrier

Back 23

a trait is not expressed in the phenotype, but is expressed recessively in the genotype

Front 24

gene therapy

Back 24

procedures to alleviate or even cure the disorders by affecting a single defective gene or protein by replacing it

Front 25

amniocentesis

Back 25

fluid extraction from amniotic sac

Front 26

chorionic villi sampling

Back 26

small tube suctions off bits of the chorionic villi from the placenta for examination