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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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substrate
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the binding molecules that enzymes react to
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enzyme substrate complex
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the reaction of the enzyme and substrate
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active site
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the site of attachment and the surrounding parts of the enzyme that stress the substrates bonds
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denature
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destroying the enzyme effectiveness by the altering the active site and slowing down the reaction rate
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what conditions cause an enzyme to denature?
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temerature and pH
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where do you find catechol oxidase?
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in bruised fruit cells
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what is the function of catechol oxidase?
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to prevent decay
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what effects do temperature have catechol oxidase function?
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the more normal room temperature the better the enzymes react, when the temperature is raised or lowered significantly the active site is altered and thus does not produce as much product
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what is the function of catalase?
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enzyme in plants and animals that speeds the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide, toxic to cells.
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how did we judge if it made the reaction occur?
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when the shaving cream went through the test tube we knew it was releasing oxygen and a reaction was happening.
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how does pH effect enzymes?
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they inhibit them and eventually shut them down until the pH is back to normal
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what are the effects of HCl and NaOH on a catalase catalyzed reaction?
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denaturation, no bubbles
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what are competitve inhibitors?
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molecules structurally similar to the substrate and compete for a position at the active site of an enzyme.
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how do competitive inhibitors work?
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ties up the enzyme, thereby making it unavailable to bind with the substrate
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what molecule do anaerobic and aerobic respiration begin with?
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glucose
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anaerobic respiration substrate?
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glucose
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anaerobic respiration product?
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lactic acid (lactate), ATP
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aerobic respiration substrate?
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pyruvate
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aerobic respiration product?
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ATP, Carbon dioxide, water and heat
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in which reaction does glucose completely break down?
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aerobic, fermentation
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how much ATP does aerobic respiration produce?
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36-38
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how much ATP does fermentation produce?
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2
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substrates of photosynthesis?
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water and carbon dioxide
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products of photosynthesis?
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oxygen and glucose and some water.
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why is it beneficial to have several different plant pigments invilved in photosynthesis?
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help cover the available spectrum for harvesting energy. Plants are green because they mostly filter out the red and violet bands, leaving a gap in the energy-rich blue and yellow bands. Pigments help close this gap.
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differences in plant and animal cell mitosis?
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look for the clevage furrow in animal cell mitosis, theres no cell wall, the cells actually split apart and move in animal while in plant they dont they just sit there.
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who is the father of genetics?
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gregor mendel
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what is the purpose of the chi-square test?
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statistical technique that is used to determine if what we actually observe is close enough to what we expect to call them equal.
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synapsis
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pairing of homologous chromosomes in Prophase I of Meiosis. Homologous recombination (crossing over) follows.
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haploid
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Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
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diploid
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Containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
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chromatin
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what chromosomes are composed of
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homologus chromosomes
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Chromosomes that synapse during meiosis. Such chromosomes are identical with regard to their genetic loci and centromere placement.
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genotype
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refers to an individuals genes
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phenotype
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an individuals apperance
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what is the expected observed phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross?
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3:1
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